// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
//
// Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
//
// Sometimes it's desirable to build Google Test by compiling a single file.
// This file serves this purpose.

// This line ensures that gtest.h can be compiled on its own, even
// when it's fused.

// The following lines pull in the real gtest *.cc files.
// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
//
// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)

// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
//
// Utilities for testing Google Test itself and code that uses Google Test
// (e.g. frameworks built on top of Google Test).

#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_


namespace testing {

// This helper class can be used to mock out Google Test failure reporting
// so that we can test Google Test or code that builds on Google Test.
//
// An object of this class appends a TestPartResult object to the
// TestPartResultArray object given in the constructor whenever a Google Test
// failure is reported. It can either intercept only failures that are
// generated in the same thread that created this object or it can intercept
// all generated failures. The scope of this mock object can be controlled with
// the second argument to the two arguments constructor.
    class GTEST_API_ ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter
            :

    public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
    public:
    // The two possible mocking modes of this object.
    enum InterceptMode {
        INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD,  // Intercepts only thread local failures.
        INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS           // Intercepts all failures.
    };

    // The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used
    // by Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
    // results. This reporter will only catch failures generated in the current
    // thread. DEPRECATED
    explicit ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(TestPartResultArray
    *result);

    // Same as above, but you can choose the interception scope of this object.
    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(InterceptMode
    intercept_mode,
    TestPartResultArray *result
    );

    // The d'tor restores the previous test part result reporter.
    virtual ~ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter();

    // Appends the TestPartResult object to the TestPartResultArray
    // received in the constructor.
    //
    // This method is from the TestPartResultReporterInterface
    // interface.
    virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult &result);

    private:

    void Init();

    const InterceptMode intercept_mode_;
    TestPartResultReporterInterface *old_reporter_;
    TestPartResultArray *const result_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter);
};

namespace internal {

// A helper class for implementing EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() and
// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE().  Its destructor verifies that the given
// TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
// type and contains the given substring.  If that's not the case, a
// non-fatal failure will be generated.
    class GTEST_API_ SingleFailureChecker{
            public:
            // The constructor remembers the arguments.
            SingleFailureChecker(const TestPartResultArray *results,
            TestPartResult::Type type,
            const string &substr);

            ~SingleFailureChecker();

            private:
            const TestPartResultArray *const results_;
            const TestPartResult::Type type_;
            const string substr_;

            GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SingleFailureChecker);
    };

}  // namespace internal

}  // namespace testing

// A set of macros for testing Google Test assertions or code that's expected
// to generate Google Test fatal failures.  It verifies that the given
// statement will cause exactly one fatal Google Test failure with 'substr'
// being part of the failure message.
//
// There are two different versions of this macro. EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE only
// affects and considers failures generated in the current thread and
// EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS does the same but for all threads.
//
// The verification of the assertion is done correctly even when the statement
// throws an exception or aborts the current function.
//
// Known restrictions:
//   - 'statement' cannot reference local non-static variables or
//     non-static members of the current object.
//   - 'statement' cannot return a value.
//   - You cannot stream a failure message to this macro.
//
// Note that even though the implementations of the following two
// macros are much alike, we cannot refactor them to use a common
// helper macro, due to some peculiarity in how the preprocessor
// works.  The AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma test in
// gtest_unittest.cc will fail to compile if we do that.
#define EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(statement, substr) \
  do { \
    class GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper {\
     public:\
      static void Execute() { statement; }\
    };\
    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, (substr));\
    {\
      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
          INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD, &gtest_failures);\
      GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper::Execute();\
    }\
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

#define EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(statement, substr) \
  do { \
    class GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper {\
     public:\
      static void Execute() { statement; }\
    };\
    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, (substr));\
    {\
      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
          INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, &gtest_failures);\
      GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper::Execute();\
    }\
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

// A macro for testing Google Test assertions or code that's expected to
// generate Google Test non-fatal failures.  It asserts that the given
// statement will cause exactly one non-fatal Google Test failure with 'substr'
// being part of the failure message.
//
// There are two different versions of this macro. EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE only
// affects and considers failures generated in the current thread and
// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS does the same but for all threads.
//
// 'statement' is allowed to reference local variables and members of
// the current object.
//
// The verification of the assertion is done correctly even when the statement
// throws an exception or aborts the current function.
//
// Known restrictions:
//   - You cannot stream a failure message to this macro.
//
// Note that even though the implementations of the following two
// macros are much alike, we cannot refactor them to use a common
// helper macro, due to some peculiarity in how the preprocessor
// works.  If we do that, the code won't compile when the user gives
// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() a statement that contains a macro that
// expands to code containing an unprotected comma.  The
// AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma test in gtest_unittest.cc
// catches that.
//
// For the same reason, we have to write
//   if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }
// instead of
//   GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement)
// to avoid an MSVC warning on unreachable code.
#define EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(statement, substr) \
  do {\
    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, \
        (substr));\
    {\
      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
          INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD, &gtest_failures);\
      if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }\
    }\
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

#define EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(statement, substr) \
  do {\
    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, \
        (substr));\
    {\
      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, \
          &gtest_failures);\
      if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }\
    }\
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_

#if GTEST_OS_LINUX

// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
// gettimeofday().
# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1

# include <fcntl.h>  // NOLINT
# include <limits.h>  // NOLINT
# include <sched.h>  // NOLINT
// Declares vsnprintf().  This header is not available on Windows.
# include <strings.h>  // NOLINT
# include <sys/mman.h>  // NOLINT
# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
# include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT
# include <string>

#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT

#elif GTEST_OS_ZOS
# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT

// On z/OS we additionally need strings.h for strcasecmp.
# include <strings.h>  // NOLINT

#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // We are on Windows CE.

# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT

#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows proper.

# include <io.h>  // NOLINT
# include <sys/timeb.h>  // NOLINT
# include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
# include <sys/stat.h>  // NOLINT

# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
// MinGW has gettimeofday() but not _ftime64().
// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
//   gettimeofday().
// TODO(kenton@google.com): There are other ways to get the time on
//   Windows, like GetTickCount() or GetSystemTimeAsFileTime().  MinGW
//   supports these.  consider using them instead.
#  define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
#  include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW

// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
// silence it.
# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT

#else

// Assume other platforms have gettimeofday().
// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
//   gettimeofday().
# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1

// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
// silence it.

#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX

#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
#endif

#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
# include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
# include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
#endif

// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
// his code.
#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

// Utility functions and classes used by the Google C++ testing framework.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
//
// This file contains purely Google Test's internal implementation.  Please
// DO NOT #INCLUDE IT IN A USER PROGRAM.

#ifndef GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
#define GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_

// GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ is defined to 1 iff the current translation unit is
// part of Google Test's implementation; otherwise it's undefined.
#if !GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
// A user is trying to include this from his code - just say no.
# error "gtest-internal-inl.h is part of Google Test's internal implementation."
# error "It must not be included except by Google Test itself."
#endif  // GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
#endif  // !_WIN32_WCE


#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
# include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
# include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
#endif

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS


namespace testing {

// Declares the flags.
//
// We don't want the users to modify this flag in the code, but want
// Google Test's own unit tests to be able to access it. Therefore we
// declare it here as opposed to in gtest.h.
    GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(death_test_use_fork);

    namespace internal {

// The value of GetTestTypeId() as seen from within the Google Test
// library.  This is solely for testing GetTestTypeId().
        GTEST_API_ extern const TypeId
        kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest;

// Names of the flags (needed for parsing Google Test flags).
        const char kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag[] = "also_run_disabled_tests";
        const char kBreakOnFailureFlag[] = "break_on_failure";
        const char kCatchExceptionsFlag[] = "catch_exceptions";
        const char kColorFlag[] = "color";
        const char kFilterFlag[] = "filter";
        const char kListTestsFlag[] = "list_tests";
        const char kOutputFlag[] = "output";
        const char kPrintTimeFlag[] = "print_time";
        const char kRandomSeedFlag[] = "random_seed";
        const char kRepeatFlag[] = "repeat";
        const char kShuffleFlag[] = "shuffle";
        const char kStackTraceDepthFlag[] = "stack_trace_depth";
        const char kStreamResultToFlag[] = "stream_result_to";
        const char kThrowOnFailureFlag[] = "throw_on_failure";

// A valid random seed must be in [1, kMaxRandomSeed].
        const int kMaxRandomSeed = 99999;

// g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
// specified on the command line.
        GTEST_API_ extern bool g_help_flag;

// Returns the current time in milliseconds.
        GTEST_API_ TimeInMillis

        GetTimeInMillis();

// Returns true iff Google Test should use colors in the output.
        GTEST_API_ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty);

// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
        GTEST_API_ std::string
        FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis
        ms);

// Converts the given time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO 8601
// format, without the timezone information.  N.B.: due to the use the
// non-reentrant localtime() function, this function is not thread safe.  Do
// not use it in any code that can be called from multiple threads.
        GTEST_API_ std::string
        FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis
        ms);

// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of "--flag=value".
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
        GTEST_API_ bool ParseInt32Flag(
                const char *str, const char *flag, Int32 *value);

// Returns a random seed in range [1, kMaxRandomSeed] based on the
// given --gtest_random_seed flag value.
        inline int GetRandomSeedFromFlag(Int32 random_seed_flag) {
            const unsigned int raw_seed = (random_seed_flag == 0) ?
                    static_cast<unsigned int>(GetTimeInMillis()) :
                    static_cast<unsigned int>(random_seed_flag);

            // Normalizes the actual seed to range [1, kMaxRandomSeed] such that
            // it's easy to type.
            const int normalized_seed =
                    static_cast<int>((raw_seed - 1U) %
                            static_cast<unsigned int>(kMaxRandomSeed)) + 1;
            return normalized_seed;
        }

// Returns the first valid random seed after 'seed'.  The behavior is
// undefined if 'seed' is invalid.  The seed after kMaxRandomSeed is
// considered to be 1.
        inline int GetNextRandomSeed(int seed) {
            GTEST_CHECK_(1 <= seed && seed <= kMaxRandomSeed)
                    << "Invalid random seed " << seed << " - must be in [1, "
                    << kMaxRandomSeed << "].";
            const int next_seed = seed + 1;
            return (next_seed > kMaxRandomSeed) ? 1 : next_seed;
        }

// This class saves the values of all Google Test flags in its c'tor, and
// restores them in its d'tor.
        class GTestFlagSaver {
        public:
            // The c'tor.
            GTestFlagSaver() {
                also_run_disabled_tests_ = GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests);
                break_on_failure_ = GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure);
                catch_exceptions_ = GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions);
                color_ = GTEST_FLAG(color);
                death_test_style_ = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style);
                death_test_use_fork_ = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
                filter_ = GTEST_FLAG(filter);
                internal_run_death_test_ = GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test);
                list_tests_ = GTEST_FLAG(list_tests);
                output_ = GTEST_FLAG(output);
                print_time_ = GTEST_FLAG(print_time);
                random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG(random_seed);
                repeat_ = GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
                shuffle_ = GTEST_FLAG(shuffle);
                stack_trace_depth_ = GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth);
                stream_result_to_ = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
                throw_on_failure_ = GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure);
            }

            // The d'tor is not virtual.  DO NOT INHERIT FROM THIS CLASS.
            ~GTestFlagSaver() {
                GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) = also_run_disabled_tests_;
                GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure) = break_on_failure_;
                GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = catch_exceptions_;
                GTEST_FLAG(color) = color_;
                GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) = death_test_style_;
                GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = death_test_use_fork_;
                GTEST_FLAG(filter) = filter_;
                GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) = internal_run_death_test_;
                GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = list_tests_;
                GTEST_FLAG(output) = output_;
                GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = print_time_;
                GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = random_seed_;
                GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = repeat_;
                GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = shuffle_;
                GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = stack_trace_depth_;
                GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = stream_result_to_;
                GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = throw_on_failure_;
            }

        private:
            // Fields for saving the original values of flags.
            bool also_run_disabled_tests_;
            bool break_on_failure_;
            bool catch_exceptions_;
            std::string color_;
            std::string death_test_style_;
            bool death_test_use_fork_;
            std::string filter_;
            std::string internal_run_death_test_;
            bool list_tests_;
            std::string output_;
            bool print_time_;
            internal::Int32 random_seed_;
            internal::Int32 repeat_;
            bool shuffle_;
            internal::Int32 stack_trace_depth_;
            std::string stream_result_to_;
            bool throw_on_failure_;
        } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;

// Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
// code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
// wide enough to contain a code point.
// If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
        GTEST_API_ std::string
        CodePointToUtf8(UInt32
        code_point);

// Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
// The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
//   UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS)
//   UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
// Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
// Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
// of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
// should be processed.
// If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
// and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
// will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
        GTEST_API_ std::string

        WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t *str, int num_chars);

// Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
// if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
// function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
// be created, prints an error and exits.
        void WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();

// Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
// environment variable values. If the variables are present,
// but inconsistent (e.g., shard_index >= total_shards), prints
// an error and exits. If in_subprocess_for_death_test, sharding is
// disabled because it must only be applied to the original test
// process. Otherwise, we could filter out death tests we intended to execute.
        GTEST_API_ bool ShouldShard(const char *total_shards_str,
                const char *shard_index_str,
                bool in_subprocess_for_death_test);

// Parses the environment variable var as an Int32. If it is unset,
// returns default_val. If it is not an Int32, prints an error and
// and aborts.
        GTEST_API_ Int32

        Int32FromEnvOrDie(const char *env_var, Int32 default_val);

// Given the total number of shards, the shard index, and the test id,
// returns true iff the test should be run on this shard. The test id is
// some arbitrary but unique non-negative integer assigned to each test
// method. Assumes that 0 <= shard_index < total_shards.
        GTEST_API_ bool ShouldRunTestOnShard(
                int total_shards, int shard_index, int test_id);

// STL container utilities.

// Returns the number of elements in the given container that satisfy
// the given predicate.
        template<class Container, typename Predicate>
        inline int CountIf(const Container &c, Predicate predicate) {
            // Implemented as an explicit loop since std::count_if() in libCstd on
            // Solaris has a non-standard signature.
            int count = 0;
            for (typename Container::const_iterator it = c.begin(); it != c.end(); ++it) {
                if (predicate(*it))
                    ++count;
            }
            return count;
        }

// Applies a function/functor to each element in the container.
        template<class Container, typename Functor>
        void ForEach(const Container &c, Functor functor) {
            std::for_each(c.begin(), c.end(), functor);
        }

// Returns the i-th element of the vector, or default_value if i is not
// in range [0, v.size()).
        template<typename E>
        inline E GetElementOr(const std::vector <E> &v, int i, E default_value) {
            return (i < 0 || i >= static_cast<int>(v.size())) ? default_value : v[i];
        }

// Performs an in-place shuffle of a range of the vector's elements.
// 'begin' and 'end' are element indices as an STL-style range;
// i.e. [begin, end) are shuffled, where 'end' == size() means to
// shuffle to the end of the vector.
        template<typename E>
        void ShuffleRange(internal::Random *random, int begin, int end,
                std::vector <E> *v) {
            const int size = static_cast<int>(v->size());
            GTEST_CHECK_(0 <= begin && begin <= size)
                    << "Invalid shuffle range start " << begin << ": must be in range [0, "
                    << size << "].";
            GTEST_CHECK_(begin <= end && end <= size)
                    << "Invalid shuffle range finish " << end << ": must be in range ["
                    << begin << ", " << size << "].";

            // Fisher-Yates shuffle, from
            // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle
            for (int range_width = end - begin; range_width >= 2; range_width--) {
                const int last_in_range = begin + range_width - 1;
                const int selected = begin + random->Generate(range_width);
                std::swap((*v)[selected], (*v)[last_in_range]);
            }
        }

// Performs an in-place shuffle of the vector's elements.
        template<typename E>
        inline void Shuffle(internal::Random *random, std::vector <E> *v) {
            ShuffleRange(random, 0, static_cast<int>(v->size()), v);
        }

// A function for deleting an object.  Handy for being used as a
// functor.
        template<typename T>
        static void Delete(T *x) {
            delete x;
        }

// A predicate that checks the key of a TestProperty against a known key.
//
// TestPropertyKeyIs is copyable.
        class TestPropertyKeyIs {
        public:
            // Constructor.
            //
            // TestPropertyKeyIs has NO default constructor.
            explicit TestPropertyKeyIs(const std::string &key) : key_(key) {
            }

            // Returns true iff the test name of test property matches on key_.
            bool operator()(const TestProperty &test_property) const {
                return test_property.key() == key_;
            }

        private:
            std::string key_;
        };

// Class UnitTestOptions.
//
// This class contains functions for processing options the user
// specifies when running the tests.  It has only static members.
//
// In most cases, the user can specify an option using either an
// environment variable or a command line flag.  E.g. you can set the
// test filter using either GTEST_FILTER or --gtest_filter.  If both
// the variable and the flag are present, the latter overrides the
// former.
        class GTEST_API_ UnitTestOptions{
                public:
                // Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.

                // Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
                static std::string GetOutputFormat();

                // Returns the absolute path of the requested output file, or the
                // default (test_detail.xml in the original working directory) if
                // none was explicitly specified.
                static std::string GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();

                // Functions for processing the gtest_filter flag.

                // Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
                // first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
                //
                // This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
                // works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
                static bool PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern, const char *str);

                // Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
                // name and the test name.
                static bool FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
                const std::string &test_name);

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
  // Function for supporting the gtest_catch_exception flag.

  // Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
  // given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
  // This function is useful as an __except condition.
  static int GTestShouldProcessSEH(DWORD exception_code);
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

                // Returns true if "name" matches the ':' separated list of glob-style
                // filters in "filter".
                static bool MatchesFilter(const std::string &name, const char *filter);
        };

// Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
// is present.  Used by UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFile.
        GTEST_API_ FilePath

        GetCurrentExecutableName();

// The role interface for getting the OS stack trace as a string.
        class OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
        public:
            OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {
            }

            virtual ~OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {
            }

            // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.  Parameters:
            //
            //   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
            //                in the trace.
            //   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
            //                against max_depth.
            virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) = 0;

            // UponLeavingGTest() should be called immediately before Google Test calls
            // user code. It saves some information about the current stack that
            // CurrentStackTrace() will use to find and hide Google Test stack frames.
            virtual void UponLeavingGTest() = 0;

        private:
            GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(OsStackTraceGetterInterface);
        };

// A working implementation of the OsStackTraceGetterInterface interface.
        class OsStackTraceGetter : public OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
        public:
            OsStackTraceGetter() : caller_frame_(NULL) {
            }

            virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count)

            GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);

            virtual void UponLeavingGTest()

            GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);

            // This string is inserted in place of stack frames that are part of
            // Google Test's implementation.
            static const char *const kElidedFramesMarker;

        private:
            Mutex mutex_;  // protects all internal state

            // We save the stack frame below the frame that calls user code.
            // We do this because the address of the frame immediately below
            // the user code changes between the call to UponLeavingGTest()
            // and any calls to CurrentStackTrace() from within the user code.
            void *caller_frame_;

            GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(OsStackTraceGetter);
        };

// Information about a Google Test trace point.
        struct TraceInfo {
            const char *file;
            int line;
            std::string message;
        };

// This is the default global test part result reporter used in UnitTestImpl.
// This class should only be used by UnitTestImpl.
        class DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter
                : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
        public:
            explicit DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter(UnitTestImpl *unit_test);

            // Implements the TestPartResultReporterInterface. Reports the test part
            // result in the current test.
            virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult &result);

        private:
            UnitTestImpl *const unit_test_;

            GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter);
        };

// This is the default per thread test part result reporter used in
// UnitTestImpl. This class should only be used by UnitTestImpl.
        class DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter
                : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
        public:
            explicit DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter(UnitTestImpl *unit_test);

            // Implements the TestPartResultReporterInterface. The implementation just
            // delegates to the current global test part result reporter of *unit_test_.
            virtual void ReportTestPartResult(const TestPartResult &result);

        private:
            UnitTestImpl *const unit_test_;

            GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter);
        };

// The private implementation of the UnitTest class.  We don't protect
// the methods under a mutex, as this class is not accessible by a
// user and the UnitTest class that delegates work to this class does
// proper locking.
        class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl{
                public:
                explicit UnitTestImpl(UnitTest *parent);

                virtual ~UnitTestImpl();

                // There are two different ways to register your own TestPartResultReporter.
                // You can register your own repoter to listen either only for test results
                // from the current thread or for results from all threads.
                // By default, each per-thread test result repoter just passes a new
                // TestPartResult to the global test result reporter, which registers the
                // test part result for the currently running test.

                // Returns the global test part result reporter.
                TestPartResultReporterInterface *GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter();

                // Sets the global test part result reporter.
                void SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
                TestPartResultReporterInterface *reporter);

                // Returns the test part result reporter for the current thread.
                TestPartResultReporterInterface *GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread();

                // Sets the test part result reporter for the current thread.
                void SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
                TestPartResultReporterInterface *reporter);

                // Gets the number of successful test cases.
                int successful_test_case_count() const;

                // Gets the number of failed test cases.
                int failed_test_case_count() const;

                // Gets the number of all test cases.
                int total_test_case_count() const;

                // Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
                // that should run.
                int test_case_to_run_count() const;

                // Gets the number of successful tests.
                int successful_test_count() const;

                // Gets the number of failed tests.
                int failed_test_count() const;

                // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
                int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;

                // Gets the number of disabled tests.
                int disabled_test_count() const;

                // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
                int reportable_test_count() const;

                // Gets the number of all tests.
                int total_test_count() const;

                // Gets the number of tests that should run.
                int test_to_run_count() const;

                // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
                // UNIX epoch.
                TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const {
                    return start_timestamp_;
                }

                // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
                TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const {
                    return elapsed_time_;
                }

                // Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
                bool Passed() const {
                    return !Failed();
                }

                // Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
                // or something outside of all tests failed).
                bool Failed() const {
                    return failed_test_case_count() > 0 || ad_hoc_test_result()->Failed();
                }

                // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
                // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
                const TestCase *GetTestCase(int i) const {
                    const int index = GetElementOr(test_case_indices_, i, -1);
                    return index < 0 ? NULL : test_cases_[i];
                }

                // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
                // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
                TestCase *GetMutableTestCase(int i) {
                    const int index = GetElementOr(test_case_indices_, i, -1);
                    return index < 0 ? NULL : test_cases_[index];
                }

                // Provides access to the event listener list.
                TestEventListeners *listeners() {
                    return &listeners_;
                }

                // Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
                // the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
                TestResult *current_test_result();

                // Returns the TestResult for the ad hoc test.
                const TestResult *ad_hoc_test_result() const {
                    return &ad_hoc_test_result_;
                }

                // Sets the OS stack trace getter.
                //
                // Does nothing if the input and the current OS stack trace getter
                // are the same; otherwise, deletes the old getter and makes the
                // input the current getter.
                void set_os_stack_trace_getter(OsStackTraceGetterInterface *getter);

                // Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
                // otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
                // getter, and returns it.
                OsStackTraceGetterInterface *os_stack_trace_getter();

                // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
                //
                // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
                // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
                // specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
                // count against the number of frames to be included.
                //
                // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
                // CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
                // trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
                std::string CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;

                // Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
                // exist, creates one and returns it.
                //
                // Arguments:
                //
                //   test_case_name: name of the test case
                //   type_param:     the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
                //                   this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
                //   set_up_tc:      pointer to the function that sets up the test case
                //   tear_down_tc:   pointer to the function that tears down the test case
                TestCase *GetTestCase(const char *test_case_name,
                const char *type_param,
                Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
                Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc);

                // Adds a TestInfo to the unit test.
                //
                // Arguments:
                //
                //   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
                //   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
                //   test_info:    the TestInfo object
                void AddTestInfo(Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
                Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
                TestInfo *test_info) {
                    // In order to support thread-safe death tests, we need to
                    // remember the original working directory when the test program
                    // was first invoked.  We cannot do this in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as
                    // the user may have changed the current directory before calling
                    // RUN_ALL_TESTS().  Therefore we capture the current directory in
                    // AddTestInfo(), which is called to register a TEST or TEST_F
                    // before main() is reached.
                    if (original_working_dir_.IsEmpty()) {
                        original_working_dir_.Set(FilePath::GetCurrentDir());
                        GTEST_CHECK_(!original_working_dir_.IsEmpty())
                                << "Failed to get the current working directory.";
                    }

                    GetTestCase(test_info->test_case_name(),
                            test_info->type_param(),
                            set_up_tc,
                            tear_down_tc)->AddTestInfo(test_info);
                }

#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

            // Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
            // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
            internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry &parameterized_test_registry() {
                return parameterized_test_registry_;
            }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

                // Sets the TestCase object for the test that's currently running.
                void set_current_test_case(TestCase *a_current_test_case) {
                    current_test_case_ = a_current_test_case;
                }

                // Sets the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running.  If
                // current_test_info is NULL, the assertion results will be stored in
                // ad_hoc_test_result_.
                void set_current_test_info(TestInfo *a_current_test_info) {
                    current_test_info_ = a_current_test_info;
                }

                // Registers all parameterized tests defined using TEST_P and
                // INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P, creating regular tests for each test/parameter
                // combination. This method can be called more then once; it has guards
                // protecting from registering the tests more then once.  If
                // value-parameterized tests are disabled, RegisterParameterizedTests is
                // present but does nothing.
                void RegisterParameterizedTests();

                // Runs all tests in this UnitTest object, prints the result, and
                // returns true if all tests are successful.  If any exception is
                // thrown during a test, this test is considered to be failed, but
                // the rest of the tests will still be run.
                bool RunAllTests();

                // Clears the results of all tests, except the ad hoc tests.
                void ClearNonAdHocTestResult() {
                    ForEach(test_cases_, TestCase::ClearTestCaseResult);
                }

                // Clears the results of ad-hoc test assertions.
                void ClearAdHocTestResult() {
                    ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
                }

                // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
                // context of a test or a test case, or to the global property set. If the
                // result already contains a property with the same key, the value will be
                // updated.
                void RecordProperty(const TestProperty &test_property);

                enum ReactionToSharding {
                    HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL,
                            IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
                };

                // Matches the full name of each test against the user-specified
                // filter to decide whether the test should run, then records the
                // result in each TestCase and TestInfo object.
                // If shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL, further filters tests
                // based on sharding variables in the environment.
                // Returns the number of tests that should run.
                int FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests);

                // Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
                void ListTestsMatchingFilter();

                const TestCase *current_test_case() const {
                    return current_test_case_;
                }

                TestInfo *current_test_info() {
                    return current_test_info_;
                }

                const TestInfo *current_test_info() const {
                    return current_test_info_;
                }

                // Returns the vector of environments that need to be set-up/torn-down
                // before/after the tests are run.
                std::vector<Environment *> &environments() {
                    return environments_;
                }

                // Getters for the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
                std::vector<TraceInfo> &gtest_trace_stack() {
                    return *(gtest_trace_stack_.pointer());
                }

                const std::vector<TraceInfo> &gtest_trace_stack() const {
                    return gtest_trace_stack_.get();
                }

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

            void InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo() {
                internal_run_death_test_flag_.reset(ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag());
            }

            // Returns a pointer to the parsed --gtest_internal_run_death_test
            // flag, or NULL if that flag was not specified.
            // This information is useful only in a death test child process.
            // Must not be called before a call to InitGoogleTest.
            const InternalRunDeathTestFlag *internal_run_death_test_flag() const {
                return internal_run_death_test_flag_.get();
            }

            // Returns a pointer to the current death test factory.
            internal::DeathTestFactory *death_test_factory() {
                return death_test_factory_.get();
            }

            void SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();

            friend class ReplaceDeathTestFactory;

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

                // Initializes the event listener performing XML output as specified by
                // UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
                void ConfigureXmlOutput();

#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
  // Initializes the event listener for streaming test results to a socket.
  // Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
  void ConfigureStreamingOutput();
#endif

                // Performs initialization dependent upon flag values obtained in
                // ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  Is called from InitGoogleTest after the call to
                // ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  In case a user neglects to call InitGoogleTest
                // this function is also called from RunAllTests.  Since this function can be
                // called more than once, it has to be idempotent.
                void PostFlagParsingInit();

                // Gets the random seed used at the start of the current test iteration.
                int random_seed() const {
                    return random_seed_;
                }

                // Gets the random number generator.
                internal::Random *random() {
                    return &random_;
                }

                // Shuffles all test cases, and the tests within each test case,
                // making sure that death tests are still run first.
                void ShuffleTests();

                // Restores the test cases and tests to their order before the first shuffle.
                void UnshuffleTests();

                // Returns the value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) at the moment
                // UnitTest::Run() starts.
                bool catch_exceptions() const {
                    return catch_exceptions_;
                }

                private:
                friend class::testing::UnitTest;

                // Used by UnitTest::Run() to capture the state of
                // GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) at the moment it starts.
                void set_catch_exceptions(bool value) {
                    catch_exceptions_ = value;
                }

                // The UnitTest object that owns this implementation object.
                UnitTest *const parent_;

                // The working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
                // executed.
                internal::FilePath original_working_dir_;

                // The default test part result reporters.
                DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter default_global_test_part_result_reporter_;
                DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter
                default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_;

                // Points to (but doesn't own) the global test part result reporter.
                TestPartResultReporterInterface *global_test_part_result_repoter_;

                // Protects read and write access to global_test_part_result_reporter_.
                internal::Mutex global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_;

                // Points to (but doesn't own) the per-thread test part result reporter.
                internal::ThreadLocal<TestPartResultReporterInterface *>
                per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_;

                // The vector of environments that need to be set-up/torn-down
                // before/after the tests are run.
                std::vector<Environment *> environments_;

                // The vector of TestCases in their original order.  It owns the
                // elements in the vector.
                std::vector<TestCase *> test_cases_;

                // Provides a level of indirection for the test case list to allow
                // easy shuffling and restoring the test case order.  The i-th
                // element of this vector is the index of the i-th test case in the
                // shuffled order.
                std::vector<int> test_case_indices_;

#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
            // ParameterizedTestRegistry object used to register value-parameterized
            // tests.
            internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry parameterized_test_registry_;

            // Indicates whether RegisterParameterizedTests() has been called already.
            bool parameterized_tests_registered_;
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

                // Index of the last death test case registered.  Initially -1.
                int last_death_test_case_;

                // This points to the TestCase for the currently running test.  It
                // changes as Google Test goes through one test case after another.
                // When no test is running, this is set to NULL and Google Test
                // stores assertion results in ad_hoc_test_result_.  Initially NULL.
                TestCase *current_test_case_;

                // This points to the TestInfo for the currently running test.  It
                // changes as Google Test goes through one test after another.  When
                // no test is running, this is set to NULL and Google Test stores
                // assertion results in ad_hoc_test_result_.  Initially NULL.
                TestInfo *current_test_info_;

                // Normally, a user only writes assertions inside a TEST or TEST_F,
                // or inside a function called by a TEST or TEST_F.  Since Google
                // Test keeps track of which test is current running, it can
                // associate such an assertion with the test it belongs to.
                //
                // If an assertion is encountered when no TEST or TEST_F is running,
                // Google Test attributes the assertion result to an imaginary "ad hoc"
                // test, and records the result in ad_hoc_test_result_.
                TestResult ad_hoc_test_result_;

                // The list of event listeners that can be used to track events inside
                // Google Test.
                TestEventListeners listeners_;

                // The OS stack trace getter.  Will be deleted when the UnitTest
                // object is destructed.  By default, an OsStackTraceGetter is used,
                // but the user can set this field to use a custom getter if that is
                // desired.
                OsStackTraceGetterInterface *os_stack_trace_getter_;

                // True iff PostFlagParsingInit() has been called.
                bool post_flag_parse_init_performed_;

                // The random number seed used at the beginning of the test run.
                int random_seed_;

                // Our random number generator.
                internal::Random random_;

                // The time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
                // UNIX epoch.
                TimeInMillis start_timestamp_;

                // How long the test took to run, in milliseconds.
                TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
            // The decomposed components of the gtest_internal_run_death_test flag,
            // parsed when RUN_ALL_TESTS is called.
            internal::scoped_ptr<InternalRunDeathTestFlag> internal_run_death_test_flag_;
            internal::scoped_ptr<internal::DeathTestFactory> death_test_factory_;
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

                // A per-thread stack of traces created by the SCOPED_TRACE() macro.
                internal::ThreadLocal<std::vector<TraceInfo> > gtest_trace_stack_;

                // The value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) at the moment RunAllTests()
                // starts.
                bool catch_exceptions_;

                GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(UnitTestImpl);
        };  // class UnitTestImpl

// Convenience function for accessing the global UnitTest
// implementation object.
        inline UnitTestImpl *GetUnitTestImpl() {
            return UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl();
        }

#if GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE

// Internal helper functions for implementing the simple regular
// expression matcher.
GTEST_API_ bool IsInSet(char ch, const char* str);
GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiDigit(char ch);
GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiPunct(char ch);
GTEST_API_ bool IsRepeat(char ch);
GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiWhiteSpace(char ch);
GTEST_API_ bool IsAsciiWordChar(char ch);
GTEST_API_ bool IsValidEscape(char ch);
GTEST_API_ bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern, char ch);
GTEST_API_ bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex);
GTEST_API_ bool MatchRegexAtHead(const char* regex, const char* str);
GTEST_API_ bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
    bool escaped, char ch, char repeat, const char* regex, const char* str);
GTEST_API_ bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const char* regex, const char* str);

#endif  // GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE

// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
// other parts of Google Test.
        GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int *argc, char **argv);

        GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int *argc, wchar_t **argv);

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

// Returns the message describing the last system error, regardless of the
// platform.
        GTEST_API_ std::string GetLastErrnoDescription();

# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
class AutoHandle {
 public:
  AutoHandle() : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
  explicit AutoHandle(HANDLE handle) : handle_(handle) {}

  ~AutoHandle() { Reset(); }

  HANDLE Get() const { return handle_; }
  void Reset() { Reset(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE); }
  void Reset(HANDLE handle) {
    if (handle != handle_) {
      if (handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        ::CloseHandle(handle_);
      handle_ = handle;
    }
  }

 private:
  HANDLE handle_;

  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AutoHandle);
};
# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Attempts to parse a string into a positive integer pointed to by the
// number parameter.  Returns true if that is possible.
// GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we can use
// it here.
        template<typename Integer>
        bool ParseNaturalNumber(const ::std::string &str, Integer *number) {
            // Fail fast if the given string does not begin with a digit;
            // this bypasses strtoXXX's "optional leading whitespace and plus
            // or minus sign" semantics, which are undesirable here.
            if (str.empty() || !IsDigit(str[0])) {
                return false;
            }
            errno = 0;

            char *end;
            // BiggestConvertible is the largest integer type that system-provided
            // string-to-number conversion routines can return.

# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !defined(__GNUC__)

  // MSVC and C++ Builder define __int64 instead of the standard long long.
  typedef unsigned __int64 BiggestConvertible;
  const BiggestConvertible parsed = _strtoui64(str.c_str(), &end, 10);

# else

            typedef unsigned long long BiggestConvertible;  // NOLINT
            const BiggestConvertible parsed = strtoull(str.c_str(), &end, 10);

# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !defined(__GNUC__)

            const bool parse_success = *end == '\0' && errno == 0;

            // TODO(vladl@google.com): Convert this to compile time assertion when it is
            // available.
            GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(Integer) <= sizeof(parsed));

            const Integer result = static_cast<Integer>(parsed);
            if (parse_success && static_cast<BiggestConvertible>(result) == parsed) {
                *number = result;
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

// TestResult contains some private methods that should be hidden from
// Google Test user but are required for testing. This class allow our tests
// to access them.
//
// This class is supplied only for the purpose of testing Google Test's own
// constructs. Do not use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
        class TestResultAccessor {
        public:
            static void RecordProperty(TestResult *test_result,
                    const std::string &xml_element,
                    const TestProperty &property) {
                test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, property);
            }

            static void ClearTestPartResults(TestResult *test_result) {
                test_result->ClearTestPartResults();
            }

            static const std::vector <testing::TestPartResult> &test_part_results(
                    const TestResult &test_result) {
                return test_result.test_part_results();
            }
        };

#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_

// Streams test results to the given port on the given host machine.
class StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
 public:
  // Abstract base class for writing strings to a socket.
  class AbstractSocketWriter {
   public:
    virtual ~AbstractSocketWriter() {}

    // Sends a string to the socket.
    virtual void Send(const string& message) = 0;

    // Closes the socket.
    virtual void CloseConnection() {}

    // Sends a string and a newline to the socket.
    void SendLn(const string& message) {
      Send(message + "\n");
    }
  };

  // Concrete class for actually writing strings to a socket.
  class SocketWriter : public AbstractSocketWriter {
   public:
    SocketWriter(const string& host, const string& port)
        : sockfd_(-1), host_name_(host), port_num_(port) {
      MakeConnection();
    }

    virtual ~SocketWriter() {
      if (sockfd_ != -1)
        CloseConnection();
    }

    // Sends a string to the socket.
    virtual void Send(const string& message) {
      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
          << "Send() can be called only when there is a connection.";

      const int len = static_cast<int>(message.length());
      if (write(sockfd_, message.c_str(), len) != len) {
        GTEST_LOG_(WARNING)
            << "stream_result_to: failed to stream to "
            << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
      }
    }

   private:
    // Creates a client socket and connects to the server.
    void MakeConnection();

    // Closes the socket.
    void CloseConnection() {
      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
          << "CloseConnection() can be called only when there is a connection.";

      close(sockfd_);
      sockfd_ = -1;
    }

    int sockfd_;  // socket file descriptor
    const string host_name_;
    const string port_num_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SocketWriter);
  };  // class SocketWriter

  // Escapes '=', '&', '%', and '\n' characters in str as "%xx".
  static string UrlEncode(const char* str);

  StreamingListener(const string& host, const string& port)
      : socket_writer_(new SocketWriter(host, port)) { Start(); }

  explicit StreamingListener(AbstractSocketWriter* socket_writer)
      : socket_writer_(socket_writer) { Start(); }

  void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */) {
    SendLn("event=TestProgramStart");
  }

  void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
    // Note that Google Test current only report elapsed time for each
    // test iteration, not for the entire test program.
    SendLn("event=TestProgramEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()));

    // Notify the streaming server to stop.
    socket_writer_->CloseConnection();
  }

  void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */, int iteration) {
    SendLn("event=TestIterationStart&iteration=" +
           StreamableToString(iteration));
  }

  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int /* iteration */) {
    SendLn("event=TestIterationEnd&passed=" +
           FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()) + "&elapsed_time=" +
           StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()) + "ms");
  }

  void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
    SendLn(std::string("event=TestCaseStart&name=") + test_case.name());
  }

  void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
    SendLn("event=TestCaseEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(test_case.Passed())
           + "&elapsed_time=" + StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time())
           + "ms");
  }

  void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
    SendLn(std::string("event=TestStart&name=") + test_info.name());
  }

  void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
    SendLn("event=TestEnd&passed=" +
           FormatBool((test_info.result())->Passed()) +
           "&elapsed_time=" +
           StreamableToString((test_info.result())->elapsed_time()) + "ms");
  }

  void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
    const char* file_name = test_part_result.file_name();
    if (file_name == NULL)
      file_name = "";
    SendLn("event=TestPartResult&file=" + UrlEncode(file_name) +
           "&line=" + StreamableToString(test_part_result.line_number()) +
           "&message=" + UrlEncode(test_part_result.message()));
  }

 private:
  // Sends the given message and a newline to the socket.
  void SendLn(const string& message) { socket_writer_->SendLn(message); }

  // Called at the start of streaming to notify the receiver what
  // protocol we are using.
  void Start() { SendLn("gtest_streaming_protocol_version=1.0"); }

  string FormatBool(bool value) { return value ? "1" : "0"; }

  const scoped_ptr<AbstractSocketWriter> socket_writer_;

  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StreamingListener);
};  // class StreamingListener

#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_

    }  // namespace internal
}  // namespace testing

#endif  // GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
# define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

namespace testing {

    using internal::CountIf;
    using internal::ForEach;
    using internal::GetElementOr;
    using internal::Shuffle;

// Constants.

// A test whose test case name or test name matches this filter is
// disabled and not run.
    static const char kDisableTestFilter[] = "DISABLED_*:*/DISABLED_*";

// A test case whose name matches this filter is considered a death
// test case and will be run before test cases whose name doesn't
// match this filter.
    static const char kDeathTestCaseFilter[] = "*DeathTest:*DeathTest/*";

// A test filter that matches everything.
    static const char kUniversalFilter[] = "*";

// The default output file for XML output.
    static const char kDefaultOutputFile[] = "test_detail.xml";

// The environment variable name for the test shard index.
    static const char kTestShardIndex[] = "GTEST_SHARD_INDEX";
// The environment variable name for the total number of test shards.
    static const char kTestTotalShards[] = "GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS";
// The environment variable name for the test shard status file.
    static const char kTestShardStatusFile[] = "GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE";

    namespace internal {

// The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
// stack trace.
        const char kStackTraceMarker[] = "\nStack trace:\n";

// g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
// specified on the command line.
        bool g_help_flag = false;

    }  // namespace internal

    static const char *GetDefaultFilter() {
        return kUniversalFilter;
    }

    GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
            also_run_disabled_tests,
            internal::BoolFromGTestEnv(
    "also_run_disabled_tests", false),
    "Run disabled tests too, in addition to the tests normally being run.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
            break_on_failure,
            internal::BoolFromGTestEnv(
    "break_on_failure", false),
    "True iff a failed assertion should be a debugger break-point.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
            catch_exceptions,
            internal::BoolFromGTestEnv(
    "catch_exceptions", true),
    "True iff "
    GTEST_NAME_
    " should catch exceptions and treat them as test failures.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
            color,
            internal::StringFromGTestEnv(
    "color", "auto"),
    "Whether to use colors in the output.  Valid values: yes, no, "
    "and auto.  'auto' means to use colors if the output is "
    "being sent to a terminal and the TERM environment variable "
    "is set to a terminal type that supports colors.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
            filter,
            internal::StringFromGTestEnv(
    "filter",

    GetDefaultFilter()

    ),
    "A colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns "
    "for filtering the tests to run, optionally followed by a "
    "'-' and a : separated list of negative patterns (tests to "
    "exclude).  A test is run if it matches one of the positive "
    "patterns and does not match any of the negative patterns.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(list_tests,
    false,
    "List all tests without running them.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
            output,
            internal::StringFromGTestEnv(
    "output", ""),
    "A format (currently must be \"xml\"), optionally followed "
    "by a colon and an output file name or directory. A directory "
    "is indicated by a trailing pathname separator. "
    "Examples: \"xml:filename.xml\", \"xml::directoryname/\". "
    "If a directory is specified, output files will be created "
    "within that directory, with file-names based on the test "
    "executable's name and, if necessary, made unique by adding "
    "digits.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
            print_time,
            internal::BoolFromGTestEnv(
    "print_time", true),
    "True iff "
    GTEST_NAME_
    " should display elapsed time in text output.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
            random_seed,
            internal::Int32FromGTestEnv(
    "random_seed", 0),
    "Random number seed to use when shuffling test orders.  Must be in range "
    "[1, 99999], or 0 to use a seed based on the current time.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
            repeat,
            internal::Int32FromGTestEnv(
    "repeat", 1),
    "How many times to repeat each test.  Specify a negative number "
    "for repeating forever.  Useful for shaking out flaky tests.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
            show_internal_stack_frames,
    false,
    "True iff "
    GTEST_NAME_
    " should include internal stack frames when "
    "printing test failure stack traces.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
            shuffle,
            internal::BoolFromGTestEnv(
    "shuffle", false),
    "True iff "
    GTEST_NAME_
    " should randomize tests' order on every run.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
            stack_trace_depth,
            internal::Int32FromGTestEnv(
    "stack_trace_depth", kMaxStackTraceDepth),
    "The maximum number of stack frames to print when an "
    "assertion fails.  The valid range is 0 through 100, inclusive.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
            stream_result_to,
            internal::StringFromGTestEnv(
    "stream_result_to", ""),
    "This flag specifies the host name and the port number on which to stream "
    "test results. Example: \"localhost:555\". The flag is effective only on "
    "Linux.");

    GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
            throw_on_failure,
            internal::BoolFromGTestEnv(
    "throw_on_failure", false),
    "When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an exception "
    "if exceptions are enabled or exit the program with a non-zero code "
    "otherwise.");

    namespace internal {

// Generates a random number from [0, range), using a Linear
// Congruential Generator (LCG).  Crashes if 'range' is 0 or greater
// than kMaxRange.
        UInt32 Random::Generate(UInt32 range) {
            // These constants are the same as are used in glibc's rand(3).
            state_ = (1103515245U * state_ + 12345U) % kMaxRange;

            GTEST_CHECK_(range > 0)
                    << "Cannot generate a number in the range [0, 0).";
            GTEST_CHECK_(range <= kMaxRange)
                    << "Generation of a number in [0, " << range << ") was requested, "
                    << "but this can only generate numbers in [0, " << kMaxRange << ").";

            // Converting via modulus introduces a bit of downward bias, but
            // it's simple, and a linear congruential generator isn't too good
            // to begin with.
            return state_ % range;
        }

// GTestIsInitialized() returns true iff the user has initialized
// Google Test.  Useful for catching the user mistake of not initializing
// Google Test before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().
//
// A user must call testing::InitGoogleTest() to initialize Google
// Test.  g_init_gtest_count is set to the number of times
// InitGoogleTest() has been called.  We don't protect this variable
// under a mutex as it is only accessed in the main thread.
        GTEST_API_ int g_init_gtest_count = 0;

        static bool GTestIsInitialized() {
            return g_init_gtest_count != 0;
        }

// Iterates over a vector of TestCases, keeping a running sum of the
// results of calling a given int-returning method on each.
// Returns the sum.
        static int SumOverTestCaseList(const std::vector<TestCase *> &case_list,
                int (TestCase::*method)() const) {
            int sum = 0;
            for (size_t i = 0; i < case_list.size(); i++) {
                sum += (case_list[i]->*method)();
            }
            return sum;
        }

// Returns true iff the test case passed.
        static bool TestCasePassed(const TestCase *test_case) {
            return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Passed();
        }

// Returns true iff the test case failed.
        static bool TestCaseFailed(const TestCase *test_case) {
            return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Failed();
        }

// Returns true iff test_case contains at least one test that should
// run.
        static bool ShouldRunTestCase(const TestCase *test_case) {
            return test_case->should_run();
        }

// AssertHelper constructor.
        AssertHelper::AssertHelper(TestPartResult::Type type,
                const char *file,
                int line,
                const char *message)
                : data_(new AssertHelperData(type, file, line, message)) {
        }

        AssertHelper::~AssertHelper() {
            delete data_;
        }

// Message assignment, for assertion streaming support.
        void AssertHelper::operator=(const Message &message) const {
            UnitTest::GetInstance()->
                    AddTestPartResult(data_->type, data_->file, data_->line,
                    AppendUserMessage(data_->message, message),
                    UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl()
                            ->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1)
                    // Skips the stack frame for this function itself.
            );  // NOLINT
        }

// Mutex for linked pointers.
        GTEST_API_ GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);

// Application pathname gotten in InitGoogleTest.
        std::string g_executable_path;

// Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
// is present.
        FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName() {
            FilePath result;

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
  result.Set(FilePath(g_executable_path).RemoveExtension("exe"));
#else
            result.Set(FilePath(g_executable_path));
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

            return result.RemoveDirectoryName();
        }

// Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.

// Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
        std::string UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
            const char *const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
            if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return std::string("");

            const char *const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
            return (colon == NULL) ?
                    std::string(gtest_output_flag) :
                    std::string(gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag);
        }

// Returns the name of the requested output file, or the default if none
// was explicitly specified.
        std::string UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
            const char *const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
            if (gtest_output_flag == NULL)
                return "";

            const char *const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
            if (colon == NULL)
                return internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
                        internal::FilePath(
                                UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
                        internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).string();

            internal::FilePath output_name(colon + 1);
            if (!output_name.IsAbsolutePath())
                // TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows \some\path is not an absolute
                // path (as its meaning depends on the current drive), yet the
                // following logic for turning it into an absolute path is wrong.
                // Fix it.
                output_name = internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
                        internal::FilePath(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
                        internal::FilePath(colon + 1));

            if (!output_name.IsDirectory())
                return output_name.string();

            internal::FilePath result(internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
                    output_name, internal::GetCurrentExecutableName(),
                    GetOutputFormat().c_str()));
            return result.string();
        }

// Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
// first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
//
// This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
// works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
        bool UnitTestOptions::PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern,
                const char *str) {
            switch (*pattern) {
                case '\0':
                case ':':  // Either ':' or '\0' marks the end of the pattern.
                    return *str == '\0';
                case '?':  // Matches any single character.
                    return *str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
                case '*':  // Matches any string (possibly empty) of characters.
                    return (*str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern, str + 1)) ||
                            PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str);
                default:  // Non-special character.  Matches itself.
                    return *pattern == *str &&
                            PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
            }
        }

        bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(
                const std::string &name, const char *filter) {
            const char *cur_pattern = filter;
            for (; ;) {
                if (PatternMatchesString(cur_pattern, name.c_str())) {
                    return true;
                }

                // Finds the next pattern in the filter.
                cur_pattern = strchr(cur_pattern, ':');

                // Returns if no more pattern can be found.
                if (cur_pattern == NULL) {
                    return false;
                }

                // Skips the pattern separater (the ':' character).
                cur_pattern++;
            }
        }

// Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
// name and the test name.
        bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
                const std::string &test_name) {
            const std::string &full_name = test_case_name + "." + test_name.c_str();

            // Split --gtest_filter at '-', if there is one, to separate into
            // positive filter and negative filter portions
            const char *const p = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
            const char *const dash = strchr(p, '-');
            std::string positive;
            std::string negative;
            if (dash == NULL) {
                positive = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();  // Whole string is a positive filter
                negative = "";
            } else {
                positive = std::string(p, dash);   // Everything up to the dash
                negative = std::string(dash + 1);  // Everything after the dash
                if (positive.empty()) {
                    // Treat '-test1' as the same as '*-test1'
                    positive = kUniversalFilter;
                }
            }

            // A filter is a colon-separated list of patterns.  It matches a
            // test if any pattern in it matches the test.
            return (MatchesFilter(full_name, positive.c_str()) &&
                    !MatchesFilter(full_name, negative.c_str()));
        }

#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
// Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
// given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
// This function is useful as an __except condition.
int UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(DWORD exception_code) {
  // Google Test should handle a SEH exception if:
  //   1. the user wants it to, AND
  //   2. this is not a breakpoint exception, AND
  //   3. this is not a C++ exception (VC++ implements them via SEH,
  //      apparently).
  //
  // SEH exception code for C++ exceptions.
  // (see http://support.microsoft.com/kb/185294 for more information).
  const DWORD kCxxExceptionCode = 0xe06d7363;

  bool should_handle = true;

  if (!GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions))
    should_handle = false;
  else if (exception_code == EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT)
    should_handle = false;
  else if (exception_code == kCxxExceptionCode)
    should_handle = false;

  return should_handle ? EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER : EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH

    }  // namespace internal

// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
// results. Intercepts only failures from the current thread.
    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
            TestPartResultArray *result)
            : intercept_mode_(INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD),
              result_(result) {
        Init();
    }

// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
// results.
    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
            InterceptMode intercept_mode, TestPartResultArray *result)
            : intercept_mode_(intercept_mode),
              result_(result) {
        Init();
    }

    void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::Init() {
        internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
        if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS) {
            old_reporter_ = impl->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter();
            impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(this);
        } else {
            old_reporter_ = impl->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread();
            impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(this);
        }
    }

// The d'tor restores the test part result reporter used by Google Test
// before.
    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::~ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter() {
        internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
        if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS) {
            impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(old_reporter_);
        } else {
            impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(old_reporter_);
        }
    }

// Increments the test part result count and remembers the result.
// This method is from the TestPartResultReporterInterface interface.
    void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
            const TestPartResult &result) {
        result_->Append(result);
    }

    namespace internal {

// Returns the type ID of ::testing::Test.  We should always call this
// instead of GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to get the type ID of
// testing::Test.  This is to work around a suspected linker bug when
// using Google Test as a framework on Mac OS X.  The bug causes
// GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to return different values depending
// on whether the call is from the Google Test framework itself or
// from user test code.  GetTestTypeId() is guaranteed to always
// return the same value, as it always calls GetTypeId<>() from the
// gtest.cc, which is within the Google Test framework.
        TypeId GetTestTypeId() {
            return GetTypeId<Test>();
        }

// The value of GetTestTypeId() as seen from within the Google Test
// library.  This is solely for testing GetTestTypeId().
        extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest = GetTestTypeId();

// This predicate-formatter checks that 'results' contains a test part
// failure of the given type and that the failure message contains the
// given substring.
        AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char * /* results_expr */,
                const char * /* type_expr */,
                const char * /* substr_expr */,
                const TestPartResultArray &results,
                TestPartResult::Type type,
                const string &substr) {
            const std::string expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
                    "1 fatal failure" :
                    "1 non-fatal failure");
            Message msg;
            if (results.size() != 1) {
                msg << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
                        << "  Actual: " << results.size() << " failures";
                for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
                    msg << "\n" << results.GetTestPartResult(i);
                }
                return AssertionFailure() << msg;
            }

            const TestPartResult &r = results.GetTestPartResult(0);
            if (r.type() != type) {
                return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
                        << "  Actual:\n"
                        << r;
            }

            if (strstr(r.message(), substr.c_str()) == NULL) {
                return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: " << expected << " containing \""
                        << substr << "\"\n"
                        << "  Actual:\n"
                        << r;
            }

            return AssertionSuccess();
        }

// The constructor of SingleFailureChecker remembers where to look up
// test part results, what type of failure we expect, and what
// substring the failure message should contain.
        SingleFailureChecker::SingleFailureChecker(
                const TestPartResultArray *results,
                TestPartResult::Type type,
                const string &substr)
                : results_(results),
                  type_(type),
                  substr_(substr) {
        }

// The destructor of SingleFailureChecker verifies that the given
// TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
// type and contains the given substring.  If that's not the case, a
// non-fatal failure will be generated.
        SingleFailureChecker::~SingleFailureChecker() {
            EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(HasOneFailure, *results_, type_, substr_);
        }

        DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
                UnitTestImpl *unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {
        }

        void DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
                const TestPartResult &result) {
            unit_test_->current_test_result()->AddTestPartResult(result);
            unit_test_->listeners()->repeater()->OnTestPartResult(result);
        }

        DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter(
                UnitTestImpl *unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {
        }

        void DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
                const TestPartResult &result) {
            unit_test_->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter()->ReportTestPartResult(result);
        }

// Returns the global test part result reporter.
        TestPartResultReporterInterface *
        UnitTestImpl::GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter() {
            internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
            return global_test_part_result_repoter_;
        }

// Sets the global test part result reporter.
        void UnitTestImpl::SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
                TestPartResultReporterInterface *reporter) {
            internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
            global_test_part_result_repoter_ = reporter;
        }

// Returns the test part result reporter for the current thread.
        TestPartResultReporterInterface *
        UnitTestImpl::GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread() {
            return per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.get();
        }

// Sets the test part result reporter for the current thread.
        void UnitTestImpl::SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
                TestPartResultReporterInterface *reporter) {
            per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.set(reporter);
        }

// Gets the number of successful test cases.
        int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_case_count() const {
            return CountIf(test_cases_, TestCasePassed);
        }

// Gets the number of failed test cases.
        int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_case_count() const {
            return CountIf(test_cases_, TestCaseFailed);
        }

// Gets the number of all test cases.
        int UnitTestImpl::total_test_case_count() const {
            return static_cast<int>(test_cases_.size());
        }

// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
// that should run.
        int UnitTestImpl::test_case_to_run_count() const {
            return CountIf(test_cases_, ShouldRunTestCase);
        }

// Gets the number of successful tests.
        int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_count() const {
            return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::successful_test_count);
        }

// Gets the number of failed tests.
        int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_count() const {
            return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::failed_test_count);
        }

// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
        int UnitTestImpl::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
            return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_,
                    &TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count);
        }

// Gets the number of disabled tests.
        int UnitTestImpl::disabled_test_count() const {
            return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::disabled_test_count);
        }

// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
        int UnitTestImpl::reportable_test_count() const {
            return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::reportable_test_count);
        }

// Gets the number of all tests.
        int UnitTestImpl::total_test_count() const {
            return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::total_test_count);
        }

// Gets the number of tests that should run.
        int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const {
            return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::test_to_run_count);
        }

// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
//
// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
// count against the number of frames to be included.
//
// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
// CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
// trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
        std::string UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) {
            (void) skip_count;
            return "";
        }

// Returns the current time in milliseconds.
        TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || defined(__BORLANDC__)
  // Difference between 1970-01-01 and 1601-01-01 in milliseconds.
  // http://analogous.blogspot.com/2005/04/epoch.html
  const TimeInMillis kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta =
    static_cast<TimeInMillis>(116444736UL) * 100000UL;
  const DWORD kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond = 10000;

  SYSTEMTIME now_systime;
  FILETIME now_filetime;
  ULARGE_INTEGER now_int64;
  // TODO(kenton@google.com): Shouldn't this just use
  //   GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()?
  GetSystemTime(&now_systime);
  if (SystemTimeToFileTime(&now_systime, &now_filetime)) {
    now_int64.LowPart = now_filetime.dwLowDateTime;
    now_int64.HighPart = now_filetime.dwHighDateTime;
    now_int64.QuadPart = (now_int64.QuadPart / kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond) -
      kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta;
    return now_int64.QuadPart;
  }
  return 0;
#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
  __timeb64 now;

# ifdef _MSC_VER

  // MSVC 8 deprecates _ftime64(), so we want to suppress warning 4996
  // (deprecated function) there.
  // TODO(kenton@google.com): Use GetTickCount()?  Or use
  //   SystemTimeToFileTime()
#  pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
#  pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
  _ftime64(&now);
#  pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
# else

  _ftime64(&now);

# endif  // _MSC_VER

  return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.time) * 1000 + now.millitm;
#elif GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
            struct timeval now;
            gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
            return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.tv_sec) * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000;
#else
# error "Don't know how to get the current time on your system."
#endif
        }

// Utilities

// class String.

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
// Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
// value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
// input is NULL.
LPCWSTR String::AnsiToUtf16(const char* ansi) {
  if (!ansi) return NULL;
  const int length = strlen(ansi);
  const int unicode_length =
      MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
                          NULL, 0);
  WCHAR* unicode = new WCHAR[unicode_length + 1];
  MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
                      unicode, unicode_length);
  unicode[unicode_length] = 0;
  return unicode;
}

// Creates an ANSI string from the given wide string, allocating
// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
// value using delete[]. Returns the ANSI string, or NULL if the
// input is NULL.
const char* String::Utf16ToAnsi(LPCWSTR utf16_str)  {
  if (!utf16_str) return NULL;
  const int ansi_length =
      WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
                          NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
  char* ansi = new char[ansi_length + 1];
  WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
                      ansi, ansi_length, NULL, NULL);
  ansi[ansi_length] = 0;
  return ansi;
}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

// Compares two C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same content.
//
// Unlike strcmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
// including the empty string.
        bool String::CStringEquals(const char *lhs, const char *rhs) {
            if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;

            if (rhs == NULL) return false;

            return strcmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
        }

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

// Converts an array of wide chars to a narrow string using the UTF-8
// encoding, and streams the result to the given Message object.
        static void StreamWideCharsToMessage(const wchar_t *wstr, size_t length,
                Message *msg) {
            for (size_t i = 0; i != length;) {  // NOLINT
                if (wstr[i] != L'\0') {
                    *msg << WideStringToUtf8(wstr + i, static_cast<int>(length - i));
                    while (i != length && wstr[i] != L'\0')
                        i++;
                } else {
                    *msg << '\0';
                    i++;
                }
            }
        }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

    }  // namespace internal

// Constructs an empty Message.
// We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
// ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
// stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
// the stack space.
    Message::Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
        // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
        // a double to a Message.
        *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
    }

// These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
// using the UTF-8 encoding.
    Message &Message::operator<<(const wchar_t *wide_c_str) {
        return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
    }

    Message &Message::operator<<(wchar_t *wide_c_str) {
        return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
    }

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
    Message &Message::operator<<(const ::std::wstring &wstr) {
        internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
        return *this;
    }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
Message& Message::operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr) {
  internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
  return *this;
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

// Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
// Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
    std::string Message::GetString() const {
        return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
    }

// AssertionResult constructors.
// Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
    AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult &other)
            : success_(other.success_),
              message_(other.message_.get() != NULL ?
                      new ::std::string(*other.message_) :
                      static_cast< ::std::string *>(NULL)) {
    }

// Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
    AssertionResult AssertionResult::operator!() const {
        AssertionResult negation(!success_);
        if (message_.get() != NULL)
            negation << *message_;
        return negation;
    }

// Makes a successful assertion result.
    AssertionResult AssertionSuccess() {
        return AssertionResult(true);
    }

// Makes a failed assertion result.
    AssertionResult AssertionFailure() {
        return AssertionResult(false);
    }

// Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
// Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << message.
    AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message &message) {
        return AssertionFailure() << message;
    }

    namespace internal {

// Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
//
// The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion
// and their values, as strings.  For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)
// where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:
//
//   expected_expression: "foo"
//   actual_expression:   "bar"
//   expected_value:      "5"
//   actual_value:        "6"
//
// The ignoring_case parameter is true iff the assertion is a
// *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string " (ignoring case)" will
// be inserted into the message.
        AssertionResult EqFailure(const char *expected_expression,
                const char *actual_expression,
                const std::string &expected_value,
                const std::string &actual_value,
                bool ignoring_case) {
            Message msg;
            msg << "Value of: " << actual_expression;
            if (actual_value != actual_expression) {
                msg << "\n  Actual: " << actual_value;
            }

            msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_expression;
            if (ignoring_case) {
                msg << " (ignoring case)";
            }
            if (expected_value != expected_expression) {
                msg << "\nWhich is: " << expected_value;
            }

            return AssertionFailure() << msg;
        }

// Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
        std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
                const AssertionResult &assertion_result,
                const char *expression_text,
                const char *actual_predicate_value,
                const char *expected_predicate_value) {
            const char *actual_message = assertion_result.message();
            Message msg;
            msg << "Value of: " << expression_text
                    << "\n  Actual: " << actual_predicate_value;
            if (actual_message[0] != '\0')
                msg << " (" << actual_message << ")";
            msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_predicate_value;
            return msg.GetString();
        }

// Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
        AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char *expr1,
                const char *expr2,
                const char *abs_error_expr,
                double val1,
                double val2,
                double abs_error) {
            const double diff = fabs(val1 - val2);
            if (diff <= abs_error) return AssertionSuccess();

            // TODO(wan): do not print the value of an expression if it's
            // already a literal.
            return AssertionFailure()
                    << "The difference between " << expr1 << " and " << expr2
                    << " is " << diff << ", which exceeds " << abs_error_expr << ", where\n"
                    << expr1 << " evaluates to " << val1 << ",\n"
                    << expr2 << " evaluates to " << val2 << ", and\n"
                    << abs_error_expr << " evaluates to " << abs_error << ".";
        }


// Helper template for implementing FloatLE() and DoubleLE().
        template<typename RawType>
        AssertionResult FloatingPointLE(const char *expr1,
                const char *expr2,
                RawType val1,
                RawType val2) {
            // Returns success if val1 is less than val2,
            if (val1 < val2) {
                return AssertionSuccess();
            }

            // or if val1 is almost equal to val2.
            const FloatingPoint <RawType> lhs(val1), rhs(val2);
            if (lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs)) {
                return AssertionSuccess();
            }

            // Note that the above two checks will both fail if either val1 or
            // val2 is NaN, as the IEEE floating-point standard requires that
            // any predicate involving a NaN must return false.

            ::std::stringstream val1_ss;
            val1_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
                    << val1;

            ::std::stringstream val2_ss;
            val2_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
                    << val2;

            return AssertionFailure()
                    << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") <= (" << expr2 << ")\n"
                    << "  Actual: " << StringStreamToString(&val1_ss) << " vs "
                    << StringStreamToString(&val2_ss);
        }

    }  // namespace internal

// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
    AssertionResult FloatLE(const char *expr1, const char *expr2,
            float val1, float val2) {
        return internal::FloatingPointLE<float>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
    }

// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
    AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char *expr1, const char *expr2,
            double val1, double val2) {
        return internal::FloatingPointLE<double>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
    }

    namespace internal {

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ with int or enum
// arguments.
        AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char *expected_expression,
                const char *actual_expression,
                BiggestInt expected,
                BiggestInt actual) {
            if (expected == actual) {
                return AssertionSuccess();
            }

            return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                    actual_expression,
                    FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
                    FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
                    false);
        }

// A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
// ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_?? with integer or enum arguments.  It is here
// just to avoid copy-and-paste of similar code.
#define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
                                   BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2) {\
  if (val1 op val2) {\
    return AssertionSuccess();\
  } else {\
    return AssertionFailure() \
        << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
        << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
        << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
  }\
}

// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE with int or
// enum arguments.
        GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=)
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE with int or
// enum arguments.
        GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=)
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT with int or
// enum arguments.
        GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, <)
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE with int or
// enum arguments.
        GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=)
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT with int or
// enum arguments.
        GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, >)

#undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
        AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char *expected_expression,
                const char *actual_expression,
                const char *expected,
                const char *actual) {
            if (String::CStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
                return AssertionSuccess();
            }

            return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                    actual_expression,
                    PrintToString(expected),
                    PrintToString(actual),
                    false);
        }

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
        AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char *expected_expression,
                const char *actual_expression,
                const char *expected,
                const char *actual) {
            if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
                return AssertionSuccess();
            }

            return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                    actual_expression,
                    PrintToString(expected),
                    PrintToString(actual),
                    true);
        }

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
        AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char *s1_expression,
                const char *s2_expression,
                const char *s1,
                const char *s2) {
            if (!String::CStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
                return AssertionSuccess();
            } else {
                return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
                        << s2_expression << "), actual: \""
                        << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
            }
        }

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE.
        AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASENE(const char *s1_expression,
                const char *s2_expression,
                const char *s1,
                const char *s2) {
            if (!String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
                return AssertionSuccess();
            } else {
                return AssertionFailure()
                        << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
                        << s2_expression << ") (ignoring case), actual: \""
                        << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
            }
        }

    }  // namespace internal

    namespace {

// Helper functions for implementing IsSubString() and IsNotSubstring().

// This group of overloaded functions return true iff needle is a
// substring of haystack.  NULL is considered a substring of itself
// only.

        bool IsSubstringPred(const char *needle, const char *haystack) {
            if (needle == NULL || haystack == NULL)
                return needle == haystack;

            return strstr(haystack, needle) != NULL;
        }

        bool IsSubstringPred(const wchar_t *needle, const wchar_t *haystack) {
            if (needle == NULL || haystack == NULL)
                return needle == haystack;

            return wcsstr(haystack, needle) != NULL;
        }

// StringType here can be either ::std::string or ::std::wstring.
        template<typename StringType>
        bool IsSubstringPred(const StringType &needle,
                const StringType &haystack) {
            return haystack.find(needle) != StringType::npos;
        }

// This function implements either IsSubstring() or IsNotSubstring(),
// depending on the value of the expected_to_be_substring parameter.
// StringType here can be const char*, const wchar_t*, ::std::string,
// or ::std::wstring.
        template<typename StringType>
        AssertionResult IsSubstringImpl(
                bool expected_to_be_substring,
                const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
                const StringType &needle, const StringType &haystack) {
            if (IsSubstringPred(needle, haystack) == expected_to_be_substring)
                return AssertionSuccess();

            const bool is_wide_string = sizeof(needle[0]) > 1;
            const char *const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
            return AssertionFailure()
                    << "Value of: " << needle_expr << "\n"
                    << "  Actual: " << begin_string_quote << needle << "\"\n"
                    << "Expected: " << (expected_to_be_substring ? "" : "not ")
                    << "a substring of " << haystack_expr << "\n"
                    << "Which is: " << begin_string_quote << haystack << "\"";
        }

    }  // namespace

// IsSubstring() and IsNotSubstring() check whether needle is a
// substring of haystack (NULL is considered a substring of itself
// only), and return an appropriate error message when they fail.

    AssertionResult IsSubstring(
            const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
            const char *needle, const char *haystack) {
        return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
    }

    AssertionResult IsSubstring(
            const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
            const wchar_t *needle, const wchar_t *haystack) {
        return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
    }

    AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
            const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
            const char *needle, const char *haystack) {
        return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
    }

    AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
            const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
            const wchar_t *needle, const wchar_t *haystack) {
        return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
    }

    AssertionResult IsSubstring(
            const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
            const ::std::string &needle, const ::std::string &haystack) {
        return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
    }

    AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
            const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
            const ::std::string &needle, const ::std::string &haystack) {
        return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
    }

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

    AssertionResult IsSubstring(
            const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
            const ::std::wstring &needle, const ::std::wstring &haystack) {
        return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
    }

    AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
            const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
            const ::std::wstring &needle, const ::std::wstring &haystack) {
        return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
    }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

    namespace internal {

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

namespace {

// Helper function for IsHRESULT{SuccessFailure} predicates
AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
                                     const char* expected,
                                     long hr) {  // NOLINT
# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

  // Windows CE doesn't support FormatMessage.
  const char error_text[] = "";

# else

  // Looks up the human-readable system message for the HRESULT code
  // and since we're not passing any params to FormatMessage, we don't
  // want inserts expanded.
  const DWORD kFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
                       FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS;
  const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;
  // Gets the system's human readable message string for this HRESULT.
  char error_text[kBufSize] = { '\0' };
  DWORD message_length = ::FormatMessageA(kFlags,
                                          0,  // no source, we're asking system
                                          hr,  // the error
                                          0,  // no line width restrictions
                                          error_text,  // output buffer
                                          kBufSize,  // buf size
                                          NULL);  // no arguments for inserts
  // Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing CR-LF)
  for (; message_length && IsSpace(error_text[message_length - 1]);
          --message_length) {
    error_text[message_length - 1] = '\0';
  }

# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

  const std::string error_hex("0x" + String::FormatHexInt(hr));
  return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
      << "Expected: " << expr << " " << expected << ".\n"
      << "  Actual: " << error_hex << " " << error_text << "\n";
}

}  // namespace

AssertionResult IsHRESULTSuccess(const char* expr, long hr) {  // NOLINT
  if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
    return AssertionSuccess();
  }
  return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "succeeds", hr);
}

AssertionResult IsHRESULTFailure(const char* expr, long hr) {  // NOLINT
  if (FAILED(hr)) {
    return AssertionSuccess();
  }
  return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "fails", hr);
}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Utility functions for encoding Unicode text (wide strings) in
// UTF-8.

// A Unicode code-point can have upto 21 bits, and is encoded in UTF-8
// like this:
//
// Code-point length   Encoding
//   0 -  7 bits       0xxxxxxx
//   8 - 11 bits       110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
//  12 - 16 bits       1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
//  17 - 21 bits       11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx

// The maximum code-point a one-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
        const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint1 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << 7) - 1;

// The maximum code-point a two-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
        const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint2 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (5 + 6)) - 1;

// The maximum code-point a three-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
        const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint3 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (4 + 2 * 6)) - 1;

// The maximum code-point a four-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
        const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint4 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (3 + 3 * 6)) - 1;

// Chops off the n lowest bits from a bit pattern.  Returns the n
// lowest bits.  As a side effect, the original bit pattern will be
// shifted to the right by n bits.
        inline UInt32 ChopLowBits(UInt32 *bits, int n) {
            const UInt32 low_bits = *bits & ((static_cast<UInt32>(1) << n) - 1);
            *bits >>= n;
            return low_bits;
        }

// Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
// code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
// wide enough to contain a code point.
// If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
        std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point) {
            if (code_point > kMaxCodePoint4) {
                return "(Invalid Unicode 0x" + String::FormatHexInt(code_point) + ")";
            }

            char str[5];  // Big enough for the largest valid code point.
            if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint1) {
                str[1] = '\0';
                str[0] = static_cast<char>(code_point);                          // 0xxxxxxx
            } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint2) {
                str[2] = '\0';
                str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
                str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xC0 | code_point);                   // 110xxxxx
            } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint3) {
                str[3] = '\0';
                str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
                str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
                str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | code_point);                   // 1110xxxx
            } else {  // code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4
                str[4] = '\0';
                str[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
                str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
                str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
                str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 | code_point);                   // 11110xxx
            }
            return str;
        }

// The following two functions only make sense if the the system
// uses UTF-16 for wide string encoding. All supported systems
// with 16 bit wchar_t (Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS) do use UTF-16.

// Determines if the arguments constitute UTF-16 surrogate pair
// and thus should be combined into a single Unicode code point
// using CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair.
        inline bool IsUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first, wchar_t second) {
            return sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 &&
                    (first & 0xFC00) == 0xD800 && (second & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00;
        }

// Creates a Unicode code point from UTF16 surrogate pair.
        inline UInt32 CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first,
                wchar_t second) {
            const UInt32 mask = (1 << 10) - 1;
            return (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2) ?
                    (((first & mask) << 10) | (second & mask)) + 0x10000 :
                    // This function should not be called when the condition is
                    // false, but we provide a sensible default in case it is.
                    static_cast<UInt32>(first);
        }

// Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
// The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
//   UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS)
//   UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
// Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
// Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
// of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
// should be processed.
// If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
// and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
// will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
        std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t *str, int num_chars) {
            if (num_chars == -1)
                num_chars = static_cast<int>(wcslen(str));

            ::std::stringstream stream;
            for (int i = 0; i < num_chars; ++i) {
                UInt32 unicode_code_point;

                if (str[i] == L'\0') {
                    break;
                } else if (i + 1 < num_chars && IsUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i], str[i + 1])) {
                    unicode_code_point = CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i],
                            str[i + 1]);
                    i++;
                } else {
                    unicode_code_point = static_cast<UInt32>(str[i]);
                }

                stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point);
            }
            return StringStreamToString(&stream);
        }

// Converts a wide C string to an std::string using the UTF-8 encoding.
// NULL will be converted to "(null)".
        std::string String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t *wide_c_str) {
            if (wide_c_str == NULL) return "(null)";

            return internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1);
        }

// Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
// content.
//
// Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
// including the empty string.
        bool String::WideCStringEquals(const wchar_t *lhs, const wchar_t *rhs) {
            if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;

            if (rhs == NULL) return false;

            return wcscmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
        }

// Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
        AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char *expected_expression,
                const char *actual_expression,
                const wchar_t *expected,
                const wchar_t *actual) {
            if (String::WideCStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
                return AssertionSuccess();
            }

            return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                    actual_expression,
                    PrintToString(expected),
                    PrintToString(actual),
                    false);
        }

// Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
        AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char *s1_expression,
                const char *s2_expression,
                const wchar_t *s1,
                const wchar_t *s2) {
            if (!String::WideCStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
                return AssertionSuccess();
            }

            return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
                    << s2_expression << "), actual: "
                    << PrintToString(s1)
                    << " vs " << PrintToString(s2);
        }

// Compares two C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they have
// the same content.
//
// Unlike strcasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
// NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
// including the empty string.
        bool String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(const char *lhs, const char *rhs) {
            if (lhs == NULL)
                return rhs == NULL;
            if (rhs == NULL)
                return false;
            return posix::StrCaseCmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
        }

        // Compares two wide C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they
        // have the same content.
        //
        // Unlike wcscasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
        // A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL wide C string,
        // including the empty string.
        // NB: The implementations on different platforms slightly differ.
        // On windows, this method uses _wcsicmp which compares according to LC_CTYPE
        // environment variable. On GNU platform this method uses wcscasecmp
        // which compares according to LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
        // On MacOS X, it uses towlower, which also uses LC_CTYPE category of the
        // current locale.
        bool String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t *lhs,
                const wchar_t *rhs) {
            if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;

            if (rhs == NULL) return false;

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
  return _wcsicmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX && !GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
  return wcscasecmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
#else
            // Android, Mac OS X and Cygwin don't define wcscasecmp.
            // Other unknown OSes may not define it either.
            wint_t left, right;
            do {
                left = towlower(*lhs++);
                right = towlower(*rhs++);
            } while (left && left == right);
            return left == right;
#endif  // OS selector
        }

// Returns true iff str ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
// Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
        bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
                const std::string &str, const std::string &suffix) {
            const size_t str_len = str.length();
            const size_t suffix_len = suffix.length();
            return (str_len >= suffix_len) &&
                    CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(str.c_str() + str_len - suffix_len,
                            suffix.c_str());
        }

// Formats an int value as "%02d".
        std::string String::FormatIntWidth2(int value) {
            std::stringstream ss;
            ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << value;
            return ss.str();
        }

// Formats an int value as "%X".
        std::string String::FormatHexInt(int value) {
            std::stringstream ss;
            ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << value;
            return ss.str();
        }

// Formats a byte as "%02X".
        std::string String::FormatByte(unsigned char value) {
            std::stringstream ss;
            ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << std::uppercase
                    << static_cast<unsigned int>(value);
            return ss.str();
        }

// Converts the buffer in a stringstream to an std::string, converting NUL
// bytes to "\\0" along the way.
        std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream * ss) {
            const ::std::string &str = ss->str();
            const char *const start = str.c_str();
            const char *const end = start + str.length();

            std::string result;
            result.reserve(2 * (end - start));
            for (const char *ch = start; ch != end; ++ch) {
                if (*ch == '\0') {
                    result += "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
                } else {
                    result += *ch;
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

// Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
        std::string AppendUserMessage(const std::string &gtest_msg,
                const Message &user_msg) {
            // Appends the user message if it's non-empty.
            const std::string user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
            if (user_msg_string.empty()) {
                return gtest_msg;
            }

            return gtest_msg + "\n" + user_msg_string;
        }

    }  // namespace internal

// class TestResult

// Creates an empty TestResult.
    TestResult::TestResult()
            : death_test_count_(0),
              elapsed_time_(0) {
    }

// D'tor.
    TestResult::~TestResult() {
    }

// Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can
// range from 0 to total_part_count() - 1. If i is not in that range,
// aborts the program.
    const TestPartResult &TestResult::GetTestPartResult(int i) const {
        if (i < 0 || i >= total_part_count())
            internal::posix::Abort();
        return test_part_results_.at(i);
    }

// Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
// test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the
// program.
    const TestProperty &TestResult::GetTestProperty(int i) const {
        if (i < 0 || i >= test_property_count())
            internal::posix::Abort();
        return test_properties_.at(i);
    }

// Clears the test part results.
    void TestResult::ClearTestPartResults() {
        test_part_results_.clear();
    }

// Adds a test part result to the list.
    void TestResult::AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult &test_part_result) {
        test_part_results_.push_back(test_part_result);
    }

// Adds a test property to the list. If a property with the same key as the
// supplied property is already represented, the value of this test_property
// replaces the old value for that key.
    void TestResult::RecordProperty(const std::string &xml_element,
            const TestProperty &test_property) {
        if (!ValidateTestProperty(xml_element, test_property)) {
            return;
        }
        internal::MutexLock lock(&test_properites_mutex_);
        const std::vector<TestProperty>::iterator property_with_matching_key =
                std::find_if(test_properties_.begin(), test_properties_.end(),
                        internal::TestPropertyKeyIs(test_property.key()));
        if (property_with_matching_key == test_properties_.end()) {
            test_properties_.push_back(test_property);
            return;
        }
        property_with_matching_key->SetValue(test_property.value());
    }

// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuites> element of XML
// output.
    static const char *const kReservedTestSuitesAttributes[] = {
            "disabled",
            "errors",
            "failures",
            "name",
            "random_seed",
            "tests",
            "time",
            "timestamp"
    };

// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuite> element of XML
// output.
    static const char *const kReservedTestSuiteAttributes[] = {
            "disabled",
            "errors",
            "failures",
            "name",
            "tests",
            "time"
    };

// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testcase> element of XML output.
    static const char *const kReservedTestCaseAttributes[] = {
            "classname",
            "name",
            "status",
            "time",
            "type_param",
            "value_param"
    };

    template<int kSize>
    std::vector <std::string> ArrayAsVector(const char *const (&array)[kSize]) {
        return std::vector<std::string>(array, array + kSize);
    }

    static std::vector <std::string> GetReservedAttributesForElement(
            const std::string &xml_element) {
        if (xml_element == "testsuites") {
            return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuitesAttributes);
        } else if (xml_element == "testsuite") {
            return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuiteAttributes);
        } else if (xml_element == "testcase") {
            return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestCaseAttributes);
        } else {
            GTEST_CHECK_(false) << "Unrecognized xml_element provided: " << xml_element;
        }
        // This code is unreachable but some compilers may not realizes that.
        return std::vector<std::string>();
    }

    static std::string FormatWordList(const std::vector <std::string> &words) {
        Message word_list;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
            if (i > 0 && words.size() > 2) {
                word_list << ", ";
            }
            if (i == words.size() - 1) {
                word_list << "and ";
            }
            word_list << "'" << words[i] << "'";
        }
        return word_list.GetString();
    }

    bool ValidateTestPropertyName(const std::string &property_name,
            const std::vector <std::string> &reserved_names) {
        if (std::find(reserved_names.begin(), reserved_names.end(), property_name) !=
                reserved_names.end()) {
            ADD_FAILURE() << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): " << property_name
                    << " (" << FormatWordList(reserved_names)
                    << " are reserved by " << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of the element named
// xml_element.  Returns true if the property is valid.
    bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const std::string &xml_element,
            const TestProperty &test_property) {
        return ValidateTestPropertyName(test_property.key(),
                GetReservedAttributesForElement(xml_element));
    }

// Clears the object.
    void TestResult::Clear() {
        test_part_results_.clear();
        test_properties_.clear();
        death_test_count_ = 0;
        elapsed_time_ = 0;
    }

// Returns true iff the test failed.
    bool TestResult::Failed() const {
        for (int i = 0; i < total_part_count(); ++i) {
            if (GetTestPartResult(i).failed())
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

// Returns true iff the test part fatally failed.
    static bool TestPartFatallyFailed(const TestPartResult &result) {
        return result.fatally_failed();
    }

// Returns true iff the test fatally failed.
    bool TestResult::HasFatalFailure() const {
        return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartFatallyFailed) > 0;
    }

// Returns true iff the test part non-fatally failed.
    static bool TestPartNonfatallyFailed(const TestPartResult &result) {
        return result.nonfatally_failed();
    }

// Returns true iff the test has a non-fatal failure.
    bool TestResult::HasNonfatalFailure() const {
        return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartNonfatallyFailed) > 0;
    }

// Gets the number of all test parts.  This is the sum of the number
// of successful test parts and the number of failed test parts.
    int TestResult::total_part_count() const {
        return static_cast<int>(test_part_results_.size());
    }

// Returns the number of the test properties.
    int TestResult::test_property_count() const {
        return static_cast<int>(test_properties_.size());
    }

// class Test

// Creates a Test object.

// The c'tor saves the values of all Google Test flags.
    Test::Test()
            : gtest_flag_saver_(new internal::GTestFlagSaver) {
    }

// The d'tor restores the values of all Google Test flags.
    Test::~Test() {
        delete gtest_flag_saver_;
    }

// Sets up the test fixture.
//
// A sub-class may override this.
    void Test::SetUp() {
    }

// Tears down the test fixture.
//
// A sub-class may override this.
    void Test::TearDown() {
    }

// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
    void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string &key, const std::string &value) {
        UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordProperty(key, value);
    }

// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
    void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string &key, int value) {
        Message value_message;
        value_message << value;
        RecordProperty(key, value_message.GetString().c_str());
    }

    namespace internal {

        void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
                const std::string &message) {
            // This function is a friend of UnitTest and as such has access to
            // AddTestPartResult.
            UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddTestPartResult(
                    result_type,
                    NULL,  // No info about the source file where the exception occurred.
                    -1,    // We have no info on which line caused the exception.
                    message,
                    "");   // No stack trace, either.
        }

    }  // namespace internal

// Google Test requires all tests in the same test case to use the same test
// fixture class.  This function checks if the current test has the
// same fixture class as the first test in the current test case.  If
// yes, it returns true; otherwise it generates a Google Test failure and
// returns false.
    bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
        internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
        const TestCase *const test_case = impl->current_test_case();

        // Info about the first test in the current test case.
        const TestInfo *const first_test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[0];
        const internal::TypeId first_fixture_id = first_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
        const char *const first_test_name = first_test_info->name();

        // Info about the current test.
        const TestInfo *const this_test_info = impl->current_test_info();
        const internal::TypeId this_fixture_id = this_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
        const char *const this_test_name = this_test_info->name();

        if (this_fixture_id != first_fixture_id) {
            // Is the first test defined using TEST?
            const bool first_is_TEST = first_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
            // Is this test defined using TEST?
            const bool this_is_TEST = this_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();

            if (first_is_TEST || this_is_TEST) {
                // The user mixed TEST and TEST_F in this test case - we'll tell
                // him/her how to fix it.

                // Gets the name of the TEST and the name of the TEST_F.  Note
                // that first_is_TEST and this_is_TEST cannot both be true, as
                // the fixture IDs are different for the two tests.
                const char *const TEST_name =
                        first_is_TEST ? first_test_name : this_test_name;
                const char *const TEST_F_name =
                        first_is_TEST ? this_test_name : first_test_name;

                ADD_FAILURE()
                        << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
                        << "class, so mixing TEST_F and TEST in the same test case is\n"
                        << "illegal.  In test case " << this_test_info->test_case_name()
                        << ",\n"
                        << "test " << TEST_F_name << " is defined using TEST_F but\n"
                        << "test " << TEST_name << " is defined using TEST.  You probably\n"
                        << "want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test\n"
                        << "case.";
            } else {
                // The user defined two fixture classes with the same name in
                // two namespaces - we'll tell him/her how to fix it.
                ADD_FAILURE()
                        << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
                        << "class.  However, in test case "
                        << this_test_info->test_case_name() << ",\n"
                        << "you defined test " << first_test_name
                        << " and test " << this_test_name << "\n"
                        << "using two different test fixture classes.  This can happen if\n"
                        << "the two classes are from different namespaces or translation\n"
                        << "units and have the same name.  You should probably rename one\n"
                        << "of the classes to put the tests into different test cases.";
            }
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

#if GTEST_HAS_SEH

// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.  This
// function returns its result via an output parameter pointer because VC++
// prohibits creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions
// using __try (see error C2712).
static std::string* FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
                                              const char* location) {
  Message message;
  message << "SEH exception with code 0x" << std::setbase(16) <<
    exception_code << std::setbase(10) << " thrown in " << location << ".";

  return new std::string(message.GetString());
}

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH

    namespace internal {

#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS

// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.
        static std::string FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char *description,
                const char *location) {
            Message message;
            if (description != NULL) {
                message << "C++ exception with description \"" << description << "\"";
            } else {
                message << "Unknown C++ exception";
            }
            message << " thrown in " << location << ".";

            return message.GetString();
        }

        static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
                const TestPartResult &test_part_result);

        GoogleTestFailureException::GoogleTestFailureException(
                const TestPartResult &failure)
                : ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {
        }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS

// We put these helper functions in the internal namespace as IBM's xlC
// compiler rejects the code if they were declared static.

// Runs the given method and handles SEH exceptions it throws, when
// SEH is supported; returns the 0-value for type Result in case of an
// SEH exception.  (Microsoft compilers cannot handle SEH and C++
// exceptions in the same function.  Therefore, we provide a separate
// wrapper function for handling SEH exceptions.)
        template<class T, typename Result>
        Result HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
                T *object, Result (T::*method)(), const char *location) {
#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
  __try {
    return (object->*method)();
  } __except (internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(  // NOLINT
      GetExceptionCode())) {
    // We create the exception message on the heap because VC++ prohibits
    // creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions using __try
    // (see error C2712).
    std::string* exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
        GetExceptionCode(), location);
    internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
                                             *exception_message);
    delete exception_message;
    return static_cast<Result>(0);
  }
#else
            (void) location;
            return (object->*method)();
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
        }

// Runs the given method and catches and reports C++ and/or SEH-style
// exceptions, if they are supported; returns the 0-value for type
// Result in case of an SEH exception.
        template<class T, typename Result>
        Result HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
                T *object, Result (T::*method)(), const char *location) {
            // NOTE: The user code can affect the way in which Google Test handles
            // exceptions by setting GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions), but only before
            // RUN_ALL_TESTS() starts. It is technically possible to check the flag
            // after the exception is caught and either report or re-throw the
            // exception based on the flag's value:
            //
            // try {
            //   // Perform the test method.
            // } catch (...) {
            //   if (GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions))
            //     // Report the exception as failure.
            //   else
            //     throw;  // Re-throws the original exception.
            // }
            //
            // However, the purpose of this flag is to allow the program to drop into
            // the debugger when the exception is thrown. On most platforms, once the
            // control enters the catch block, the exception origin information is
            // lost and the debugger will stop the program at the point of the
            // re-throw in this function -- instead of at the point of the original
            // throw statement in the code under test.  For this reason, we perform
            // the check early, sacrificing the ability to affect Google Test's
            // exception handling in the method where the exception is thrown.
            if (internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->catch_exceptions()) {
#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
                try {
                    return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
                } catch (const internal::GoogleTestFailureException &) {  // NOLINT
                    // This exception type can only be thrown by a failed Google
                    // Test assertion with the intention of letting another testing
                    // framework catch it.  Therefore we just re-throw it.
                    throw;
                } catch (const std::exception &e) {  // NOLINT
                    internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
                            TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
                            FormatCxxExceptionMessage(e.what(), location));
                } catch (...) {  // NOLINT
                    internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
                            TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
                            FormatCxxExceptionMessage(NULL, location));
                }
                return static_cast<Result>(0);
#else
                return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
            } else {
                return (object->*method)();
            }
        }

    }  // namespace internal

// Runs the test and updates the test result.
    void Test::Run() {
        if (!HasSameFixtureClass()) return;

        internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
        impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
        internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(this, &Test::SetUp, "SetUp()");
        // We will run the test only if SetUp() was successful.
        if (!HasFatalFailure()) {
            impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
            internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
                    this, &Test::TestBody, "the test body");
        }

        // However, we want to clean up as much as possible.  Hence we will
        // always call TearDown(), even if SetUp() or the test body has
        // failed.
        impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
        internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
                this, &Test::TearDown, "TearDown()");
    }

// Returns true iff the current test has a fatal failure.
    bool Test::HasFatalFailure() {
        return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->HasFatalFailure();
    }

// Returns true iff the current test has a non-fatal failure.
    bool Test::HasNonfatalFailure() {
        return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->
                HasNonfatalFailure();
    }

// class TestInfo

// Constructs a TestInfo object. It assumes ownership of the test factory
// object.
    TestInfo::TestInfo(const std::string &a_test_case_name,
            const std::string &a_name,
            const char *a_type_param,
            const char *a_value_param,
            internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
            internal::TestFactoryBase *factory)
            : test_case_name_(a_test_case_name),
              name_(a_name),
              type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : NULL),
              value_param_(a_value_param ? new std::string(a_value_param) : NULL),
              fixture_class_id_(fixture_class_id),
              should_run_(false),
              is_disabled_(false),
              matches_filter_(false),
              factory_(factory),
              result_() {
    }

// Destructs a TestInfo object.
    TestInfo::~TestInfo() {
        delete factory_;
    }

    namespace internal {

// Creates a new TestInfo object and registers it with Google Test;
// returns the created object.
//
// Arguments:
//
//   test_case_name:   name of the test case
//   name:             name of the test
//   type_param:       the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
//                     this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
//   value_param:      text representation of the test's value parameter,
//                     or NULL if this is not a value-parameterized test.
//   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
//   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test case
//   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test case
//   factory:          pointer to the factory that creates a test object.
//                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
//                     ownership of the factory object.
        TestInfo *MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
                const char *test_case_name,
                const char *name,
                const char *type_param,
                const char *value_param,
                TypeId fixture_class_id,
                SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
                TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
                TestFactoryBase *factory) {
            TestInfo *const test_info =
                    new TestInfo(test_case_name, name, type_param, value_param,
                            fixture_class_id, factory);
            GetUnitTestImpl()->AddTestInfo(set_up_tc, tear_down_tc, test_info);
            return test_info;
        }

#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

        void ReportInvalidTestCaseType(const char *test_case_name,
                const char *file, int line) {
            Message errors;
            errors
                    << "Attempted redefinition of test case " << test_case_name << ".\n"
                    << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
                    << "class.  However, in test case " << test_case_name << ", you tried\n"
                    << "to define a test using a fixture class different from the one\n"
                    << "used earlier. This can happen if the two fixture classes are\n"
                    << "from different namespaces and have the same name. You should\n"
                    << "probably rename one of the classes to put the tests into different\n"
                    << "test cases.";

            fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
                    errors.GetString().c_str());
        }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

    }  // namespace internal

    namespace {

// A predicate that checks the test name of a TestInfo against a known
// value.
//
// This is used for implementation of the TestCase class only.  We put
// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
// namespace.
//
// TestNameIs is copyable.
        class TestNameIs {
        public:
            // Constructor.
            //
            // TestNameIs has NO default constructor.
            explicit TestNameIs(const char *name)
                    : name_(name) {
            }

            // Returns true iff the test name of test_info matches name_.
            bool operator()(const TestInfo *test_info) const {
                return test_info && test_info->name() == name_;
            }

        private:
            std::string name_;
        };

    }  // namespace

    namespace internal {

// This method expands all parameterized tests registered with macros TEST_P
// and INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P into regular tests and registers those.
// This will be done just once during the program runtime.
        void UnitTestImpl::RegisterParameterizedTests() {
#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
            if (!parameterized_tests_registered_) {
                parameterized_test_registry_.RegisterTests();
                parameterized_tests_registered_ = true;
            }
#endif
        }

    }  // namespace internal

// Creates the test object, runs it, records its result, and then
// deletes it.
    void TestInfo::Run() {
        if (!should_run_) return;

        // Tells UnitTest where to store test result.
        internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
        impl->set_current_test_info(this);

        TestEventListener *repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();

        // Notifies the unit test event listeners that a test is about to start.
        repeater->OnTestStart(*this);

        const TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();

        impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();

        // Creates the test object.
        Test *const test = internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
                factory_, &internal::TestFactoryBase::CreateTest,
                "the test fixture's constructor");

        // Runs the test only if the test object was created and its
        // constructor didn't generate a fatal failure.
        if ((test != NULL) && !Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
            // This doesn't throw as all user code that can throw are wrapped into
            // exception handling code.
            test->Run();
        }

        // Deletes the test object.
        impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
        internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
                test, &Test::DeleteSelf_, "the test fixture's destructor");

        result_.set_elapsed_time(internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start);

        // Notifies the unit test event listener that a test has just finished.
        repeater->OnTestEnd(*this);

        // Tells UnitTest to stop associating assertion results to this
        // test.
        impl->set_current_test_info(NULL);
    }

// class TestCase

// Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
    int TestCase::successful_test_count() const {
        return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestPassed);
    }

// Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
    int TestCase::failed_test_count() const {
        return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestFailed);
    }

// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
    int TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
        return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportableDisabled);
    }

// Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
    int TestCase::disabled_test_count() const {
        return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestDisabled);
    }

// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
    int TestCase::reportable_test_count() const {
        return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportable);
    }

// Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
    int TestCase::test_to_run_count() const {
        return CountIf(test_info_list_, ShouldRunTest);
    }

// Gets the number of all tests.
    int TestCase::total_test_count() const {
        return static_cast<int>(test_info_list_.size());
    }

// Creates a TestCase with the given name.
//
// Arguments:
//
//   name:         name of the test case
//   a_type_param: the name of the test case's type parameter, or NULL if
//                 this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test case.
//   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
//   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
    TestCase::TestCase(const char *a_name, const char *a_type_param,
            Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
            Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc)
            : name_(a_name),
              type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : NULL),
              set_up_tc_(set_up_tc),
              tear_down_tc_(tear_down_tc),
              should_run_(false),
              elapsed_time_(0) {
    }

// Destructor of TestCase.
    TestCase::~TestCase() {
        // Deletes every Test in the collection.
        ForEach(test_info_list_, internal::Delete<TestInfo>);
    }

// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
    const TestInfo *TestCase::GetTestInfo(int i) const {
        const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
        return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
    }

// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
    TestInfo *TestCase::GetMutableTestInfo(int i) {
        const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
        return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
    }

// Adds a test to this test case.  Will delete the test upon
// destruction of the TestCase object.
    void TestCase::AddTestInfo(TestInfo *test_info) {
        test_info_list_.push_back(test_info);
        test_indices_.push_back(static_cast<int>(test_indices_.size()));
    }

// Runs every test in this TestCase.
    void TestCase::Run() {
        if (!should_run_) return;

        internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
        impl->set_current_test_case(this);

        TestEventListener *repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();

        repeater->OnTestCaseStart(*this);
        impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
        internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
                this, &TestCase::RunSetUpTestCase, "SetUpTestCase()");

        const internal::TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < total_test_count(); i++) {
            GetMutableTestInfo(i)->Run();
        }
        elapsed_time_ = internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start;

        impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
        internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
                this, &TestCase::RunTearDownTestCase, "TearDownTestCase()");

        repeater->OnTestCaseEnd(*this);
        impl->set_current_test_case(NULL);
    }

// Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
    void TestCase::ClearResult() {
        ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
        ForEach(test_info_list_, TestInfo::ClearTestResult);
    }

// Shuffles the tests in this test case.
    void TestCase::ShuffleTests(internal::Random *random) {
        Shuffle(random, &test_indices_);
    }

// Restores the test order to before the first shuffle.
    void TestCase::UnshuffleTests() {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < test_indices_.size(); i++) {
            test_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
        }
    }

// Formats a countable noun.  Depending on its quantity, either the
// singular form or the plural form is used. e.g.
//
// FormatCountableNoun(1, "formula", "formuli") returns "1 formula".
// FormatCountableNoun(5, "book", "books") returns "5 books".
    static std::string FormatCountableNoun(int count,
            const char *singular_form,
            const char *plural_form) {
        return internal::StreamableToString(count) + " " +
                (count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
    }

// Formats the count of tests.
    static std::string FormatTestCount(int test_count) {
        return FormatCountableNoun(test_count, "test", "tests");
    }

// Formats the count of test cases.
    static std::string FormatTestCaseCount(int test_case_count) {
        return FormatCountableNoun(test_case_count, "test case", "test cases");
    }

// Converts a TestPartResult::Type enum to human-friendly string
// representation.  Both kNonFatalFailure and kFatalFailure are translated
// to "Failure", as the user usually doesn't care about the difference
// between the two when viewing the test result.
    static const char *TestPartResultTypeToString(TestPartResult::Type type) {
        switch (type) {
            case TestPartResult::kSuccess:
                return "Success";

            case TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure:
            case TestPartResult::kFatalFailure:
#ifdef _MSC_VER
      return "error: ";
#else
                return "Failure\n";
#endif
            default:
                return "Unknown result type";
        }
    }

    namespace internal {

// Prints a TestPartResult to an std::string.
        static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
                const TestPartResult &test_part_result) {
            return (Message()
                    << internal::FormatFileLocation(test_part_result.file_name(),
                    test_part_result.line_number())
                    << " " << TestPartResultTypeToString(test_part_result.type())
                    << test_part_result.message()).GetString();
        }

// Prints a TestPartResult.
        static void PrintTestPartResult(const TestPartResult &test_part_result) {
            const std::string &result =
                    PrintTestPartResultToString(test_part_result);
            printf("%s\n", result.c_str());
            fflush(stdout);
            // If the test program runs in Visual Studio or a debugger, the
            // following statements add the test part result message to the Output
            // window such that the user can double-click on it to jump to the
            // corresponding source code location; otherwise they do nothing.
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
  // We don't call OutputDebugString*() on Windows Mobile, as printing
  // to stdout is done by OutputDebugString() there already - we don't
  // want the same message printed twice.
  ::OutputDebugStringA(result.c_str());
  ::OutputDebugStringA("\n");
#endif
        }

// class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter

        enum GTestColor {
            COLOR_DEFAULT,
            COLOR_RED,
            COLOR_GREEN,
            COLOR_YELLOW
        };

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

// Returns the character attribute for the given color.
WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
  switch (color) {
    case COLOR_RED:    return FOREGROUND_RED;
    case COLOR_GREEN:  return FOREGROUND_GREEN;
    case COLOR_YELLOW: return FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN;
    default:           return 0;
  }
}

#else

// Returns the ANSI color code for the given color.  COLOR_DEFAULT is
// an invalid input.
        const char *GetAnsiColorCode(GTestColor color) {
            switch (color) {
                case COLOR_RED:
                    return "1";
                case COLOR_GREEN:
                    return "2";
                case COLOR_YELLOW:
                    return "3";
                default:
                    return NULL;
            };
        }

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

// Returns true iff Google Test should use colors in the output.
        bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty) {
            const char *const gtest_color = GTEST_FLAG(color).c_str();

            if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "auto")) {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    // On Windows the TERM variable is usually not set, but the
    // console there does support colors.
    return stdout_is_tty;
#else
                // On non-Windows platforms, we rely on the TERM variable.
                const char *const term = posix::GetEnv("TERM");
                const bool term_supports_color =
                        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm") ||
                                String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-color") ||
                                String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-256color") ||
                                String::CStringEquals(term, "screen") ||
                                String::CStringEquals(term, "screen-256color") ||
                                String::CStringEquals(term, "linux") ||
                                String::CStringEquals(term, "cygwin");
                return stdout_is_tty && term_supports_color;
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
            }

            return String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "yes") ||
                    String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "true") ||
                    String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "t") ||
                    String::CStringEquals(gtest_color, "1");
            // We take "yes", "true", "t", and "1" as meaning "yes".  If the
            // value is neither one of these nor "auto", we treat it as "no" to
            // be conservative.
        }

// Helpers for printing colored strings to stdout. Note that on Windows, we
// cannot simply emit special characters and have the terminal change colors.
// This routine must actually emit the characters rather than return a string
// that would be colored when printed, as can be done on Linux.
        void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char *fmt, ...) {
            va_list args;
            va_start(args, fmt);

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS || GTEST_OS_IOS
  const bool use_color = false;
#else
            static const bool in_color_mode =
                    ShouldUseColor(posix::IsATTY(posix::FileNo(stdout)) != 0);
            const bool use_color = in_color_mode && (color != COLOR_DEFAULT);
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS
            // The '!= 0' comparison is necessary to satisfy MSVC 7.1.

            if (!use_color) {
                vprintf(fmt, args);
                va_end(args);
                return;
            }

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
  const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

  // Gets the current text color.
  CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO buffer_info;
  GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout_handle, &buffer_info);
  const WORD old_color_attrs = buffer_info.wAttributes;

  // We need to flush the stream buffers into the console before each
  // SetConsoleTextAttribute call lest it affect the text that is already
  // printed but has not yet reached the console.
  fflush(stdout);
  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle,
                          GetColorAttribute(color) | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
  vprintf(fmt, args);

  fflush(stdout);
  // Restores the text color.
  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle, old_color_attrs);
#else
            printf("\033[0;3%sm", GetAnsiColorCode(color));
            vprintf(fmt, args);
            printf("\033[m");  // Resets the terminal to default.
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
            va_end(args);
        }

// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gunit_list_tests
// output to label the type parameter and value parameter for a test.
        static const char kTypeParamLabel[] = "TypeParam";
        static const char kValueParamLabel[] = "GetParam()";

        void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo &test_info) {
            const char *const type_param = test_info.type_param();
            const char *const value_param = test_info.value_param();

            if (type_param != NULL || value_param != NULL) {
                printf(", where ");
                if (type_param != NULL) {
                    printf("%s = %s", kTypeParamLabel, type_param);
                    if (value_param != NULL)
                        printf(" and ");
                }
                if (value_param != NULL) {
                    printf("%s = %s", kValueParamLabel, value_param);
                }
            }
        }

// This class implements the TestEventListener interface.
//
// Class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter is copyable.
        class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter : public TestEventListener {
        public:
            PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter() {
            }

            static void PrintTestName(const char *test_case, const char *test) {
                printf("%s.%s", test_case, test);
            }

            // The following methods override what's in the TestEventListener class.
            virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/) {
            }

            virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration);

            virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest &unit_test);

            virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/) {
            }

            virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase &test_case);

            virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo &test_info);

            virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult &result);

            virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo &test_info);

            virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase &test_case);

            virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest &unit_test);

            virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/) {
            }

            virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration);

            virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/) {
            }

        private:
            static void PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest &unit_test);
        };

        // Fired before each iteration of tests starts.
        void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationStart(
                const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration) {
            if (GTEST_FLAG(repeat) != 1)
                printf("\nRepeating all tests (iteration %d) . . .\n\n", iteration + 1);

            const char *const filter = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();

            // Prints the filter if it's not *.  This reminds the user that some
            // tests may be skipped.
            if (!String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter)) {
                ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
                        "Note: %s filter = %s\n", GTEST_NAME_, filter);
            }

            if (internal::ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex, false)) {
                const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestShardIndex, -1);
                ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
                        "Note: This is test shard %d of %s.\n",
                        static_cast<int>(shard_index) + 1,
                        internal::posix::GetEnv(kTestTotalShards));
            }

            if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
                ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
                        "Note: Randomizing tests' orders with a seed of %d .\n",
                        unit_test.random_seed());
            }

            ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[==========] ");
            printf("Running %s from %s.\n",
                    FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
                    FormatTestCaseCount(unit_test.test_case_to_run_count()).c_str());
            fflush(stdout);
        }

        void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(
                const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/) {
            ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
            printf("Global test environment set-up.\n");
            fflush(stdout);
        }

        void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase &test_case) {
            const std::string counts =
                    FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
            ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
            printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case.name());
            if (test_case.type_param() == NULL) {
                printf("\n");
            } else {
                printf(", where %s = %s\n", kTypeParamLabel, test_case.type_param());
            }
            fflush(stdout);
        }

        void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestStart(const TestInfo &test_info) {
            ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[ RUN      ] ");
            PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
            printf("\n");
            fflush(stdout);
        }

// Called after an assertion failure.
        void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestPartResult(
                const TestPartResult &result) {
            // If the test part succeeded, we don't need to do anything.
            if (result.type() == TestPartResult::kSuccess)
                return;

            // Print failure message from the assertion (e.g. expected this and got that).
            PrintTestPartResult(result);
            fflush(stdout);
        }

        void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd(const TestInfo &test_info) {
            if (test_info.result()->Passed()) {
                ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[       OK ] ");
            } else {
                ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
            }
            PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
            if (test_info.result()->Failed())
                PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);

            if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) {
                printf(" (%s ms)\n", internal::StreamableToString(
                        test_info.result()->elapsed_time()).c_str());
            } else {
                printf("\n");
            }
            fflush(stdout);
        }

        void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase &test_case) {
            if (!GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) return;

            const std::string counts =
                    FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
            ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
            printf("%s from %s (%s ms total)\n\n",
                    counts.c_str(), test_case.name(),
                    internal::StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
            fflush(stdout);
        }

        void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(
                const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/) {
            ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
            printf("Global test environment tear-down\n");
            fflush(stdout);
        }

// Internal helper for printing the list of failed tests.
        void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest &unit_test) {
            const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
            if (failed_test_count == 0) {
                return;
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
                const TestCase &test_case = *unit_test.GetTestCase(i);
                if (!test_case.should_run() || (test_case.failed_test_count() == 0)) {
                    continue;
                }
                for (int j = 0; j < test_case.total_test_count(); ++j) {
                    const TestInfo &test_info = *test_case.GetTestInfo(j);
                    if (!test_info.should_run() || test_info.result()->Passed()) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
                    printf("%s.%s", test_case.name(), test_info.name());
                    PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
                    printf("\n");
                }
            }
        }

        void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test,
                int /*iteration*/) {
            ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[==========] ");
            printf("%s from %s ran.",
                    FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
                    FormatTestCaseCount(unit_test.test_case_to_run_count()).c_str());
            if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) {
                printf(" (%s ms total)",
                        internal::StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str());
            }
            printf("\n");
            ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[  PASSED  ] ");
            printf("%s.\n", FormatTestCount(unit_test.successful_test_count()).c_str());

            int num_failures = unit_test.failed_test_count();
            if (!unit_test.Passed()) {
                const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
                ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
                printf("%s, listed below:\n", FormatTestCount(failed_test_count).c_str());
                PrintFailedTests(unit_test);
                printf("\n%2d FAILED %s\n", num_failures,
                        num_failures == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
            }

            int num_disabled = unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count();
            if (num_disabled && !GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) {
                if (!num_failures) {
                    printf("\n");  // Add a spacer if no FAILURE banner is displayed.
                }
                ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
                        "  YOU HAVE %d DISABLED %s\n\n",
                        num_disabled,
                        num_disabled == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
            }
            // Ensure that Google Test output is printed before, e.g., heapchecker output.
            fflush(stdout);
        }

// End PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter

// class TestEventRepeater
//
// This class forwards events to other event listeners.
        class TestEventRepeater : public TestEventListener {
        public:
            TestEventRepeater() : forwarding_enabled_(true) {
            }

            virtual ~TestEventRepeater();

            void Append(TestEventListener *listener);

            TestEventListener *Release(TestEventListener *listener);

            // Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
            // in death test child processes.
            bool forwarding_enabled() const {
                return forwarding_enabled_;
            }

            void set_forwarding_enabled(bool enable) {
                forwarding_enabled_ = enable;
            }

            virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest &unit_test);

            virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration);

            virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest &unit_test);

            virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test);

            virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase &test_case);

            virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo &test_info);

            virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult &result);

            virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo &test_info);

            virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase &test_case);

            virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest &unit_test);

            virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test);

            virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration);

            virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test);

        private:
            // Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
            // in death test child processes.
            bool forwarding_enabled_;
            // The list of listeners that receive events.
            std::vector<TestEventListener *> listeners_;

            GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestEventRepeater);
        };

        TestEventRepeater::~TestEventRepeater() {
            ForEach(listeners_, Delete<TestEventListener>);
        }

        void TestEventRepeater::Append(TestEventListener *listener) {
            listeners_.push_back(listener);
        }

// TODO(vladl@google.com): Factor the search functionality into Vector::Find.
        TestEventListener *TestEventRepeater::Release(TestEventListener *listener) {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); ++i) {
                if (listeners_[i] == listener) {
                    listeners_.erase(listeners_.begin() + i);
                    return listener;
                }
            }

            return NULL;
        }

// Since most methods are very similar, use macros to reduce boilerplate.
// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners.
#define GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
  if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
    for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) { \
      listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
    } \
  } \
}
// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners in reverse
// order.
#define GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
  if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
    for (int i = static_cast<int>(listeners_.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { \
      listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
    } \
  } \
}

        GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramStart, UnitTest)

        GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart, UnitTest)

        GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseStart, TestCase)

        GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestStart, TestInfo)

        GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestPartResult, TestPartResult)

        GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart, UnitTest)

        GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd, UnitTest)

        GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd, UnitTest)

        GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestEnd, TestInfo)

        GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseEnd, TestCase)

        GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramEnd, UnitTest)

#undef GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_
#undef GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_

        void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest &unit_test,
                int iteration) {
            if (forwarding_enabled_) {
                for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) {
                    listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationStart(unit_test, iteration);
                }
            }
        }

        void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test,
                int iteration) {
            if (forwarding_enabled_) {
                for (int i = static_cast<int>(listeners_.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                    listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationEnd(unit_test, iteration);
                }
            }
        }

// End TestEventRepeater

// This class generates an XML output file.
        class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
        public:
            explicit XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char *output_file);

            virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration);

        private:
            // Is c a whitespace character that is normalized to a space character
            // when it appears in an XML attribute value?
            static bool IsNormalizableWhitespace(char c) {
                return c == 0x9 || c == 0xA || c == 0xD;
            }

            // May c appear in a well-formed XML document?
            static bool IsValidXmlCharacter(char c) {
                return IsNormalizableWhitespace(c) || c >= 0x20;
            }

            // Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If
            // is_attribute is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute
            // value, and normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it
            // with character references.
            static std::string EscapeXml(const std::string &str, bool is_attribute);

            // Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
            static std::string RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const std::string &str);

            // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is an attribute value.
            static std::string EscapeXmlAttribute(const std::string &str) {
                return EscapeXml(str, true);
            }

            // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is not an attribute value.
            static std::string EscapeXmlText(const char *str) {
                return EscapeXml(str, false);
            }

            // Verifies that the given attribute belongs to the given element and
            // streams the attribute as XML.
            static void OutputXmlAttribute(std::ostream *stream,
                    const std::string &element_name,
                    const std::string &name,
                    const std::string &value);

            // Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
            static void OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream *stream, const char *data);

            // Streams an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
            static void OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream *stream,
                    const char *test_case_name,
                    const TestInfo &test_info);

            // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
            static void PrintXmlTestCase(::std::ostream *stream,
                    const TestCase &test_case);

            // Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
            static void PrintXmlUnitTest(::std::ostream *stream,
                    const UnitTest &unit_test);

            // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
            // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
            // When the std::string is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
            // to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
            static std::string TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult &result);

            // The output file.
            const std::string output_file_;

            GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(XmlUnitTestResultPrinter);
        };

// Creates a new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter.
        XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char *output_file)
                : output_file_(output_file) {
            if (output_file_.c_str() == NULL || output_file_.empty()) {
                fprintf(stderr, "XML output file may not be null\n");
                fflush(stderr);
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
        }

// Called after the unit test ends.
        void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test,
                int /*iteration*/) {
            FILE *xmlout = NULL;
            FilePath output_file(output_file_);
            FilePath output_dir(output_file.RemoveFileName());

            if (output_dir.CreateDirectoriesRecursively()) {
                xmlout = posix::FOpen(output_file_.c_str(), "w");
            }
            if (xmlout == NULL) {
                // TODO(wan): report the reason of the failure.
                //
                // We don't do it for now as:
                //
                //   1. There is no urgent need for it.
                //   2. It's a bit involved to make the errno variable thread-safe on
                //      all three operating systems (Linux, Windows, and Mac OS).
                //   3. To interpret the meaning of errno in a thread-safe way,
                //      we need the strerror_r() function, which is not available on
                //      Windows.
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "Unable to open file \"%s\"\n",
                        output_file_.c_str());
                fflush(stderr);
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            std::stringstream stream;
            PrintXmlUnitTest(&stream, unit_test);
            fprintf(xmlout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
            fclose(xmlout);
        }

// Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If is_attribute
// is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute value, and
// normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it with character
// references.
//
// Invalid XML characters in str, if any, are stripped from the output.
// It is expected that most, if not all, of the text processed by this
// module will consist of ordinary English text.
// If this module is ever modified to produce version 1.1 XML output,
// most invalid characters can be retained using character references.
// TODO(wan): It might be nice to have a minimally invasive, human-readable
// escaping scheme for invalid characters, rather than dropping them.
        std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(
                const std::string &str, bool is_attribute) {
            Message m;

            for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
                const char ch = str[i];
                switch (ch) {
                    case '<':
                        m << "&lt;";
                        break;
                    case '>':
                        m << "&gt;";
                        break;
                    case '&':
                        m << "&amp;";
                        break;
                    case '\'':
                        if (is_attribute)
                            m << "&apos;";
                        else
                            m << '\'';
                        break;
                    case '"':
                        if (is_attribute)
                            m << "&quot;";
                        else
                            m << '"';
                        break;
                    default:
                        if (IsValidXmlCharacter(ch)) {
                            if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(ch))
                                m << "&#x" << String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))
                                        << ";";
                            else
                                m << ch;
                        }
                        break;
                }
            }

            return m.GetString();
        }

// Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
// Currently invalid characters are dropped from the string. An
// alternative is to replace them with certain characters such as . or ?.
        std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(
                const std::string &str) {
            std::string output;
            output.reserve(str.size());
            for (std::string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
                if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*it))
                    output.push_back(*it);

            return output;
        }

// The following routines generate an XML representation of a UnitTest
// object.
//
// This is how Google Test concepts map to the DTD:
//
// <testsuites name="AllTests">        <-- corresponds to a UnitTest object
//   <testsuite name="testcase-name">  <-- corresponds to a TestCase object
//     <testcase name="test-name">     <-- corresponds to a TestInfo object
//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
//                                     <-- individual assertion failures
//     </testcase>
//   </testsuite>
// </testsuites>

// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
        std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms) {
            ::std::stringstream ss;
            ss << ms / 1000.0;
            return ss.str();
        }

// Converts the given epoch time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO
// 8601 format, without the timezone information.
        std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms) {
            // Using non-reentrant version as localtime_r is not portable.
            time_t seconds = static_cast<time_t>(ms / 1000);
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
# pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996
                                // (function or variable may be unsafe).
  const struct tm* const time_struct = localtime(&seconds);  // NOLINT
# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state again.
#else
            const struct tm *const time_struct = localtime(&seconds);  // NOLINT
#endif
            if (time_struct == NULL)
                return "";  // Invalid ms value

            // YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
            return StreamableToString(time_struct->tm_year + 1900) + "-" +
                    String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct->tm_mon + 1) + "-" +
                    String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct->tm_mday) + "T" +
                    String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct->tm_hour) + ":" +
                    String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct->tm_min) + ":" +
                    String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct->tm_sec);
        }

// Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
        void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream *stream,
                const char *data) {
            const char *segment = data;
            *stream << "<![CDATA[";
            for (; ;) {
                const char *const next_segment = strstr(segment, "]]>");
                if (next_segment != NULL) {
                    stream->write(
                            segment, static_cast<std::streamsize>(next_segment - segment));
                    *stream << "]]>]]&gt;<![CDATA[";
                    segment = next_segment + strlen("]]>");
                } else {
                    *stream << segment;
                    break;
                }
            }
            *stream << "]]>";
        }

        void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlAttribute(
                std::ostream *stream,
                const std::string &element_name,
                const std::string &name,
                const std::string &value) {
            const std::vector <std::string> &allowed_names =
                    GetReservedAttributesForElement(element_name);

            GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
                    allowed_names.end())
                    << "Attribute " << name << " is not allowed for element <" << element_name
                    << ">.";

            *stream << " " << name << "=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(value) << "\"";
        }

// Prints an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
// TODO(wan): There is also value in printing properties with the plain printer.
        void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream *stream,
                const char *test_case_name,
                const TestInfo &test_info) {
            const TestResult &result = *test_info.result();
            const std::string kTestcase = "testcase";

            *stream << "    <testcase";
            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "name", test_info.name());

            if (test_info.value_param() != NULL) {
                OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "value_param",
                        test_info.value_param());
            }
            if (test_info.type_param() != NULL) {
                OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "type_param", test_info.type_param());
            }

            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "status",
                    test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun");
            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "time",
                    FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time()));
            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "classname", test_case_name);
            *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result);

            int failures = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
                const TestPartResult &part = result.GetTestPartResult(i);
                if (part.failed()) {
                    if (++failures == 1) {
                        *stream << ">\n";
                    }
                    const string location = internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
                            part.file_name(), part.line_number());
                    const string summary = location + "\n" + part.summary();
                    *stream << "      <failure message=\""
                            << EscapeXmlAttribute(summary.c_str())
                            << "\" type=\"\">";
                    const string detail = location + "\n" + part.message();
                    OutputXmlCDataSection(stream, RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(detail).c_str());
                    *stream << "</failure>\n";
                }
            }

            if (failures == 0)
                *stream << " />\n";
            else
                *stream << "    </testcase>\n";
        }

// Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
        void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(std::ostream *stream,
                const TestCase &test_case) {
            const std::string kTestsuite = "testsuite";
            *stream << "  <" << kTestsuite;
            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_case.name());
            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "tests",
                    StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_test_count()));
            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "failures",
                    StreamableToString(test_case.failed_test_count()));
            OutputXmlAttribute(
                    stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
                    StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", "0");
            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
                    FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()));
            *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(test_case.ad_hoc_test_result())
                    << ">\n";

            for (int i = 0; i < test_case.total_test_count(); ++i) {
                if (test_case.GetTestInfo(i)->is_reportable())
                    OutputXmlTestInfo(stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
            }
            *stream << "  </" << kTestsuite << ">\n";
        }

// Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
        void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(std::ostream *stream,
                const UnitTest &unit_test) {
            const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";

            *stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
            *stream << "<" << kTestsuites;

            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "tests",
                    StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_test_count()));
            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "failures",
                    StreamableToString(unit_test.failed_test_count()));
            OutputXmlAttribute(
                    stream, kTestsuites, "disabled",
                    StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "errors", "0");
            OutputXmlAttribute(
                    stream, kTestsuites, "timestamp",
                    FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(unit_test.start_timestamp()));
            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "time",
                    FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()));

            if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
                OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed",
                        StreamableToString(unit_test.random_seed()));
            }

            *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result());

            OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
            *stream << ">\n";

            for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
                if (unit_test.GetTestCase(i)->reportable_test_count() > 0)
                    PrintXmlTestCase(stream, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
            }
            *stream << "</" << kTestsuites << ">\n";
        }

// Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
// delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
        std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
                const TestResult &result) {
            Message attributes;
            for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
                const TestProperty &property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
                attributes << " " << property.key() << "="
                        << "\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.value()) << "\"";
            }
            return attributes.GetString();
        }

// End XmlUnitTestResultPrinter

#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_

// Checks if str contains '=', '&', '%' or '\n' characters. If yes,
// replaces them by "%xx" where xx is their hexadecimal value. For
// example, replaces "=" with "%3D".  This algorithm is O(strlen(str))
// in both time and space -- important as the input str may contain an
// arbitrarily long test failure message and stack trace.
string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char* str) {
  string result;
  result.reserve(strlen(str) + 1);
  for (char ch = *str; ch != '\0'; ch = *++str) {
    switch (ch) {
      case '%':
      case '=':
      case '&':
      case '\n':
        result.append("%" + String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
        break;
      default:
        result.push_back(ch);
        break;
    }
  }
  return result;
}

void StreamingListener::SocketWriter::MakeConnection() {
  GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ == -1)
      << "MakeConnection() can't be called when there is already a connection.";

  addrinfo hints;
  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
  hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;    // To allow both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
  addrinfo* servinfo = NULL;

  // Use the getaddrinfo() to get a linked list of IP addresses for
  // the given host name.
  const int error_num = getaddrinfo(
      host_name_.c_str(), port_num_.c_str(), &hints, &servinfo);
  if (error_num != 0) {
    GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "stream_result_to: getaddrinfo() failed: "
                        << gai_strerror(error_num);
  }

  // Loop through all the results and connect to the first we can.
  for (addrinfo* cur_addr = servinfo; sockfd_ == -1 && cur_addr != NULL;
       cur_addr = cur_addr->ai_next) {
    sockfd_ = socket(
        cur_addr->ai_family, cur_addr->ai_socktype, cur_addr->ai_protocol);
    if (sockfd_ != -1) {
      // Connect the client socket to the server socket.
      if (connect(sockfd_, cur_addr->ai_addr, cur_addr->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
        close(sockfd_);
        sockfd_ = -1;
      }
    }
  }

  freeaddrinfo(servinfo);  // all done with this structure

  if (sockfd_ == -1) {
    GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "stream_result_to: failed to connect to "
                        << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
  }
}

// End of class Streaming Listener
#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS__

// Class ScopedTrace

// Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
// trace stack maintained by Google Test.
        ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char *file, int line, const Message &message)

        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
                TraceInfo trace;
                trace.file = file;
                trace.line = line;
                trace.message = message.GetString();

                UnitTest::GetInstance()->PushGTestTrace(trace);
        }

// Pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
        ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace()

        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
                UnitTest::GetInstance()->PopGTestTrace();
        }


// class OsStackTraceGetter

// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.  Parameters:
//
//   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
//                in the trace.
//   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
//                against max_depth.
//
        string OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int /* max_depth */,
                int /* skip_count */)

        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
                return "";
        }

        void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest()

        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
        }

                const
        char *const
                OsStackTraceGetter::kElidedFramesMarker =
                "... "
        GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";

// A helper class that creates the premature-exit file in its
// constructor and deletes the file in its destructor.
        class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
        public:
            explicit ScopedPrematureExitFile(const char *premature_exit_filepath)
                    : premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath) {
                // If a path to the premature-exit file is specified...
                if (premature_exit_filepath != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath != '\0') {
                    // create the file with a single "0" character in it.  I/O
                    // errors are ignored as there's nothing better we can do and we
                    // don't want to fail the test because of this.
                    FILE *pfile = posix::FOpen(premature_exit_filepath, "w");
                    fwrite("0", 1, 1, pfile);
                    fclose(pfile);
                }
            }

            ~ScopedPrematureExitFile() {
                if (premature_exit_filepath_ != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath_ != '\0') {
                    remove(premature_exit_filepath_);
                }
            }

        private:
            const char *const premature_exit_filepath_;

            GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedPrematureExitFile);
        };

    }  // namespace internal

// class TestEventListeners

    TestEventListeners::TestEventListeners()
            : repeater_(new internal::TestEventRepeater()),
              default_result_printer_(NULL),
              default_xml_generator_(NULL) {
    }

    TestEventListeners::~TestEventListeners() {
        delete repeater_;
    }

// Returns the standard listener responsible for the default console
// output.  Can be removed from the listeners list to shut down default
// console output.  Note that removing this object from the listener list
// with Release transfers its ownership to the user.
    void TestEventListeners::Append(TestEventListener *listener) {
        repeater_->Append(listener);
    }

// Removes the given event listener from the list and returns it.  It then
// becomes the caller's responsibility to delete the listener. Returns
// NULL if the listener is not found in the list.
    TestEventListener *TestEventListeners::Release(TestEventListener *listener) {
        if (listener == default_result_printer_)
            default_result_printer_ = NULL;
        else if (listener == default_xml_generator_)
            default_xml_generator_ = NULL;
        return repeater_->Release(listener);
    }

// Returns repeater that broadcasts the TestEventListener events to all
// subscribers.
    TestEventListener *TestEventListeners::repeater() {
        return repeater_;
    }

// Sets the default_result_printer attribute to the provided listener.
// The listener is also added to the listener list and previous
// default_result_printer is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
    void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListener *listener) {
        if (default_result_printer_ != listener) {
            // It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
            // list.
            delete Release(default_result_printer_);
            default_result_printer_ = listener;
            if (listener != NULL)
                Append(listener);
        }
    }

// Sets the default_xml_generator attribute to the provided listener.  The
// listener is also added to the listener list and previous
// default_xml_generator is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
    void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListener *listener) {
        if (default_xml_generator_ != listener) {
            // It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
            // list.
            delete Release(default_xml_generator_);
            default_xml_generator_ = listener;
            if (listener != NULL)
                Append(listener);
        }
    }

// Controls whether events will be forwarded by the repeater to the
// listeners in the list.
    bool TestEventListeners::EventForwardingEnabled() const {
        return repeater_->forwarding_enabled();
    }

    void TestEventListeners::SuppressEventForwarding() {
        repeater_->set_forwarding_enabled(false);
    }

// class UnitTest

// Gets the singleton UnitTest object.  The first time this method is
// called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned.  Consecutive
// calls will return the same object.
//
// We don't protect this under mutex_ as a user is not supposed to
// call this before main() starts, from which point on the return
// value will never change.
    UnitTest *UnitTest::GetInstance() {
        // When compiled with MSVC 7.1 in optimized mode, destroying the
        // UnitTest object upon exiting the program messes up the exit code,
        // causing successful tests to appear failed.  We have to use a
        // different implementation in this case to bypass the compiler bug.
        // This implementation makes the compiler happy, at the cost of
        // leaking the UnitTest object.

        // CodeGear C++Builder insists on a public destructor for the
        // default implementation.  Use this implementation to keep good OO
        // design with private destructor.

#if (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
  static UnitTest* const instance = new UnitTest;
  return instance;
#else
        static UnitTest instance;
        return &instance;
#endif  // (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
    }

// Gets the number of successful test cases.
    int UnitTest::successful_test_case_count() const {
        return impl()->successful_test_case_count();
    }

// Gets the number of failed test cases.
    int UnitTest::failed_test_case_count() const {
        return impl()->failed_test_case_count();
    }

// Gets the number of all test cases.
    int UnitTest::total_test_case_count() const {
        return impl()->total_test_case_count();
    }

// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
// that should run.
    int UnitTest::test_case_to_run_count() const {
        return impl()->test_case_to_run_count();
    }

// Gets the number of successful tests.
    int UnitTest::successful_test_count() const {
        return impl()->successful_test_count();
    }

// Gets the number of failed tests.
    int UnitTest::failed_test_count() const {
        return impl()->failed_test_count();
    }

// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
    int UnitTest::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
        return impl()->reportable_disabled_test_count();
    }

// Gets the number of disabled tests.
    int UnitTest::disabled_test_count() const {
        return impl()->disabled_test_count();
    }

// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
    int UnitTest::reportable_test_count() const {
        return impl()->reportable_test_count();
    }

// Gets the number of all tests.
    int UnitTest::total_test_count() const {
        return impl()->total_test_count();
    }

// Gets the number of tests that should run.
    int UnitTest::test_to_run_count() const {
        return impl()->test_to_run_count();
    }

// Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
// UNIX epoch.
    internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::start_timestamp() const {
        return impl()->start_timestamp();
    }

// Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
    internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::elapsed_time() const {
        return impl()->elapsed_time();
    }

// Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
    bool UnitTest::Passed() const {
        return impl()->Passed();
    }

// Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
// or something outside of all tests failed).
    bool UnitTest::Failed() const {
        return impl()->Failed();
    }

// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
    const TestCase *UnitTest::GetTestCase(int i) const {
        return impl()->GetTestCase(i);
    }

// Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
// properties logged outside of individual test cases.
    const TestResult &UnitTest::ad_hoc_test_result() const {
        return *impl()->ad_hoc_test_result();
    }

// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
    TestCase *UnitTest::GetMutableTestCase(int i) {
        return impl()->GetMutableTestCase(i);
    }

// Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
// inside Google Test.
    TestEventListeners &UnitTest::listeners() {
        return *impl()->listeners();
    }

// Registers and returns a global test environment.  When a test
// program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in the
// order they were registered.  After all tests in the program have
// finished, all global test environments will be torn-down in the
// *reverse* order they were registered.
//
// The UnitTest object takes ownership of the given environment.
//
// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
// from the main thread.
    Environment *UnitTest::AddEnvironment(Environment *env) {
        if (env == NULL) {
            return NULL;
        }

        impl_->environments().push_back(env);
        return env;
    }

// Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All Google Test
// assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc) eventually call
// this to report their results.  The user code should use the
// assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
    void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(
            TestPartResult::Type result_type,
            const char *file_name,
            int line_number,
            const std::string &message,
            const std::string &os_stack_trace)

    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
            Message msg;
            msg << message;

            internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
            if (impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size() > 0) {
                msg << "\n" << GTEST_NAME_ << " trace:";

                for (int i = static_cast<int>(impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size());
                     i > 0; --i) {
                    const internal::TraceInfo &trace = impl_->gtest_trace_stack()[i - 1];
                    msg << "\n" << internal::FormatFileLocation(trace.file, trace.line)
                            << " " << trace.message;
                }
            }

            if (os_stack_trace.c_str() != NULL && !os_stack_trace.empty()) {
                msg << internal::kStackTraceMarker << os_stack_trace;
            }

            const TestPartResult result =
            TestPartResult(result_type, file_name, line_number,
            msg.GetString().c_str());
            impl_->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread()->
            ReportTestPartResult(result);

            if (result_type != TestPartResult::kSuccess) {
                // gtest_break_on_failure takes precedence over
                // gtest_throw_on_failure.  This allows a user to set the latter
                // in the code (perhaps in order to use Google Test assertions
                // with another testing framework) and specify the former on the
                // command line for debugging.
                if (GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
      // Using DebugBreak on Windows allows gtest to still break into a debugger
      // when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
      // the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
      DebugBreak();
#else
                    // Dereference NULL through a volatile pointer to prevent the compiler
                    // from removing. We use this rather than abort() or __builtin_trap() for
                    // portability: Symbian doesn't implement abort() well, and some debuggers
                    // don't correctly trap abort().
                    *static_cast<volatile int *>(NULL) = 1;
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
                } else if (GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure)) {
#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
                throw internal::GoogleTestFailureException(result);
#else
                    // We cannot call abort() as it generates a pop-up in debug mode
                    // that cannot be suppressed in VC 7.1 or below.
                    exit(1);
#endif
                }
            }
    }

// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
// inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
// from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
// when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
// the same key, the value will be updated.
    void UnitTest::RecordProperty(const std::string &key,
            const std::string &value) {
        impl_->RecordProperty(TestProperty(key, value));
    }

// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
// Returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
//
// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
// from the main thread.
    int UnitTest::Run() {
        const bool in_death_test_child_process =
                internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;

        // Google Test implements this protocol for catching that a test
        // program exits before returning control to Google Test:
        //
        //   1. Upon start, Google Test creates a file whose absolute path
        //      is specified by the environment variable
        //      TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE.
        //   2. When Google Test has finished its work, it deletes the file.
        //
        // This allows a test runner to set TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE before
        // running a Google-Test-based test program and check the existence
        // of the file at the end of the test execution to see if it has
        // exited prematurely.

        // If we are in the child process of a death test, don't
        // create/delete the premature exit file, as doing so is unnecessary
        // and will confuse the parent process.  Otherwise, create/delete
        // the file upon entering/leaving this function.  If the program
        // somehow exits before this function has a chance to return, the
        // premature-exit file will be left undeleted, causing a test runner
        // that understands the premature-exit-file protocol to report the
        // test as having failed.
        const internal::ScopedPrematureExitFile premature_exit_file(
                in_death_test_child_process ?
                        NULL : internal::posix::GetEnv("TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE"));

        // Captures the value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions).  This value will be
        // used for the duration of the program.
        impl()->set_catch_exceptions(GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));

#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
  // Either the user wants Google Test to catch exceptions thrown by the
  // tests or this is executing in the context of death test child
  // process. In either case the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs
  // about crashes - they are expected.
  if (impl()->catch_exceptions() || in_death_test_child_process) {
# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    // SetErrorMode doesn't exist on CE.
    SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT |
                 SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

# if (defined(_MSC_VER) || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    // Death test children can be terminated with _abort().  On Windows,
    // _abort() can show a dialog with a warning message.  This forces the
    // abort message to go to stderr instead.
    _set_error_mode(_OUT_TO_STDERR);
# endif

# if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    // In the debug version, Visual Studio pops up a separate dialog
    // offering a choice to debug the aborted program. We need to suppress
    // this dialog or it will pop up for every EXPECT/ASSERT_DEATH statement
    // executed. Google Test will notify the user of any unexpected
    // failure via stderr.
    //
    // VC++ doesn't define _set_abort_behavior() prior to the version 8.0.
    // Users of prior VC versions shall suffer the agony and pain of
    // clicking through the countless debug dialogs.
    // TODO(vladl@google.com): find a way to suppress the abort dialog() in the
    // debug mode when compiled with VC 7.1 or lower.
    if (!GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure))
      _set_abort_behavior(
          0x0,                                    // Clear the following flags:
          _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);  // pop-up window, core dump.
# endif
  }
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH

        return internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
                impl(),
                &internal::UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests,
                "auxiliary test code (environments or event listeners)") ? 0 : 1;
    }

// Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
// executed.
    const char *UnitTest::original_working_dir() const {
        return impl_->original_working_dir_.c_str();
    }

// Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
// or NULL if no test is running.
    const TestCase *UnitTest::current_test_case() const

    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
            internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
            return impl_->current_test_case();
    }

// Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
// or NULL if no test is running.
            const

    TestInfo *UnitTest::current_test_info() const

    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
            internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
            return impl_->current_test_info();
    }

// Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
    int UnitTest::random_seed() const {
        return impl_->random_seed();
    }

#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

// Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
// value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
    internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry &
    UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry()
    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
        return impl_->parameterized_test_registry();
    }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

// Creates an empty UnitTest.
    UnitTest::UnitTest() {
        impl_ = new internal::UnitTestImpl(this);
    }

// Destructor of UnitTest.
    UnitTest::~UnitTest() {
        delete impl_;
    }

// Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
// Google Test trace stack.
    void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo &trace)

    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
            internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
            impl_->gtest_trace_stack().push_back(trace);
    }

// Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
    void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace()

    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
            internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
            impl_->gtest_trace_stack().pop_back();
    }

    namespace internal {

        UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest *parent)
                : parent_(parent),
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push)                    // Saves the current warning state.
# pragma warning(disable:4355)            // Temporarily disables warning 4355
                                         // (using this in initializer).
      default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
      default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
# pragma warning(pop)                     // Restores the warning state again.
#else
                  default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
                  default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
#endif  // _MSC_VER
                  global_test_part_result_repoter_(
                          &default_global_test_part_result_reporter_),
                  per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(
                          &default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_),
#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
                  parameterized_test_registry_(),
                  parameterized_tests_registered_(false),
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
                  last_death_test_case_(-1),
                  current_test_case_(NULL),
                  current_test_info_(NULL),
                  ad_hoc_test_result_(),
                  os_stack_trace_getter_(NULL),
                  post_flag_parse_init_performed_(false),
                  random_seed_(0),  // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
                  random_(0),  // Will be reseeded before first use.
                  start_timestamp_(0),
                  elapsed_time_(0),
#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
                  death_test_factory_(new DefaultDeathTestFactory),
#endif
                // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
                  catch_exceptions_(false) {
            listeners()->SetDefaultResultPrinter(new PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter);
        }

        UnitTestImpl::~UnitTestImpl() {
            // Deletes every TestCase.
            ForEach(test_cases_, internal::Delete<TestCase>);

            // Deletes every Environment.
            ForEach(environments_, internal::Delete<Environment>);

            delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
        }

// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
// context of a test, to current test case's ad_hoc_test_result when invoke
// from SetUpTestCase/TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
// otherwise.  If the result already contains a property with the same key,
// the value will be updated.
        void UnitTestImpl::RecordProperty(const TestProperty &test_property) {
            std::string xml_element;
            TestResult *test_result;  // TestResult appropriate for property recording.

            if (current_test_info_ != NULL) {
                xml_element = "testcase";
                test_result = &(current_test_info_->result_);
            } else if (current_test_case_ != NULL) {
                xml_element = "testsuite";
                test_result = &(current_test_case_->ad_hoc_test_result_);
            } else {
                xml_element = "testsuites";
                test_result = &ad_hoc_test_result_;
            }
            test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, test_property);
        }

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

// Disables event forwarding if the control is currently in a death test
// subprocess. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
        void UnitTestImpl::SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess() {
            if (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL)
                listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
        }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

// Initializes event listeners performing XML output as specified by
// UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
        void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
            const std::string &output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
            if (output_format == "xml") {
                listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
                        UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
            } else if (output_format != "") {
                printf("WARNING: unrecognized output format \"%s\" ignored.\n",
                        output_format.c_str());
                fflush(stdout);
            }
        }

#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
// Initializes event listeners for streaming test results in string form.
// Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureStreamingOutput() {
  const std::string& target = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
  if (!target.empty()) {
    const size_t pos = target.find(':');
    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
      listeners()->Append(new StreamingListener(target.substr(0, pos),
                                                target.substr(pos+1)));
    } else {
      printf("WARNING: unrecognized streaming target \"%s\" ignored.\n",
             target.c_str());
      fflush(stdout);
    }
  }
}
#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_

// Performs initialization dependent upon flag values obtained in
// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  Is called from InitGoogleTest after the call to
// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  In case a user neglects to call InitGoogleTest
// this function is also called from RunAllTests.  Since this function can be
// called more than once, it has to be idempotent.
        void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit() {
            // Ensures that this function does not execute more than once.
            if (!post_flag_parse_init_performed_) {
                post_flag_parse_init_performed_ = true;

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
                InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo();
                SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

                // Registers parameterized tests. This makes parameterized tests
                // available to the UnitTest reflection API without running
                // RUN_ALL_TESTS.
                RegisterParameterizedTests();

                // Configures listeners for XML output. This makes it possible for users
                // to shut down the default XML output before invoking RUN_ALL_TESTS.
                ConfigureXmlOutput();

#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
    // Configures listeners for streaming test results to the specified server.
    ConfigureStreamingOutput();
#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
            }
        }

// A predicate that checks the name of a TestCase against a known
// value.
//
// This is used for implementation of the UnitTest class only.  We put
// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
// namespace.
//
// TestCaseNameIs is copyable.
        class TestCaseNameIs {
        public:
            // Constructor.
            explicit TestCaseNameIs(const std::string &name)
                    : name_(name) {
            }

            // Returns true iff the name of test_case matches name_.
            bool operator()(const TestCase *test_case) const {
                return test_case != NULL && strcmp(test_case->name(), name_.c_str()) == 0;
            }

        private:
            std::string name_;
        };

// Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
// exist, creates one and returns it.  It's the CALLER'S
// RESPONSIBILITY to ensure that this function is only called WHEN THE
// TESTS ARE NOT SHUFFLED.
//
// Arguments:
//
//   test_case_name: name of the test case
//   type_param:     the name of the test case's type parameter, or NULL if
//                   this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test case.
//   set_up_tc:      pointer to the function that sets up the test case
//   tear_down_tc:   pointer to the function that tears down the test case
        TestCase *UnitTestImpl::GetTestCase(const char *test_case_name,
                const char *type_param,
                Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
                Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc) {
            // Can we find a TestCase with the given name?
            const std::vector<TestCase *>::const_iterator test_case =
                    std::find_if(test_cases_.begin(), test_cases_.end(),
                            TestCaseNameIs(test_case_name));

            if (test_case != test_cases_.end())
                return *test_case;

            // No.  Let's create one.
            TestCase *const new_test_case =
                    new TestCase(test_case_name, type_param, set_up_tc, tear_down_tc);

            // Is this a death test case?
            if (internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
                    kDeathTestCaseFilter)) {
                // Yes.  Inserts the test case after the last death test case
                // defined so far.  This only works when the test cases haven't
                // been shuffled.  Otherwise we may end up running a death test
                // after a non-death test.
                ++last_death_test_case_;
                test_cases_.insert(test_cases_.begin() + last_death_test_case_,
                        new_test_case);
            } else {
                // No.  Appends to the end of the list.
                test_cases_.push_back(new_test_case);
            }

            test_case_indices_.push_back(static_cast<int>(test_case_indices_.size()));
            return new_test_case;
        }

// Helpers for setting up / tearing down the given environment.  They
// are for use in the ForEach() function.
        static void SetUpEnvironment(Environment * env) {
            env->SetUp();
        }

        static void TearDownEnvironment(Environment * env) {
            env->TearDown();
        }

// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object, prints the result, and
// returns true if all tests are successful.  If any exception is
// thrown during a test, the test is considered to be failed, but the
// rest of the tests will still be run.
//
// When parameterized tests are enabled, it expands and registers
// parameterized tests first in RegisterParameterizedTests().
// All other functions called from RunAllTests() may safely assume that
// parameterized tests are ready to be counted and run.
        bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
            // Makes sure InitGoogleTest() was called.
            if (!GTestIsInitialized()) {
                printf("%s",
                        "\nThis test program did NOT call ::testing::InitGoogleTest "
                                "before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().  Please fix it.\n");
                return false;
            }

            // Do not run any test if the --help flag was specified.
            if (g_help_flag)
                return true;

            // Repeats the call to the post-flag parsing initialization in case the
            // user didn't call InitGoogleTest.
            PostFlagParsingInit();

            // Even if sharding is not on, test runners may want to use the
            // GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE to query whether the test supports the sharding
            // protocol.
            internal::WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();

            // True iff we are in a subprocess for running a thread-safe-style
            // death test.
            bool in_subprocess_for_death_test = false;

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
            in_subprocess_for_death_test = (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL);
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

            const bool should_shard = ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex,
                    in_subprocess_for_death_test);

            // Compares the full test names with the filter to decide which
            // tests to run.
            const bool has_tests_to_run = FilterTests(should_shard
                    ? HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
                    : IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL) > 0;

            // Lists the tests and exits if the --gtest_list_tests flag was specified.
            if (GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
                // This must be called *after* FilterTests() has been called.
                ListTestsMatchingFilter();
                return true;
            }

            random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) ?
                    GetRandomSeedFromFlag(GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) : 0;

            // True iff at least one test has failed.
            bool failed = false;

            TestEventListener *repeater = listeners()->repeater();

            start_timestamp_ = GetTimeInMillis();
            repeater->OnTestProgramStart(*parent_);

            // How many times to repeat the tests?  We don't want to repeat them
            // when we are inside the subprocess of a death test.
            const int repeat = in_subprocess_for_death_test ? 1 : GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
            // Repeats forever if the repeat count is negative.
            const bool forever = repeat < 0;
            for (int i = 0; forever || i != repeat; i++) {
                // We want to preserve failures generated by ad-hoc test
                // assertions executed before RUN_ALL_TESTS().
                ClearNonAdHocTestResult();

                const TimeInMillis start = GetTimeInMillis();

                // Shuffles test cases and tests if requested.
                if (has_tests_to_run && GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
                    random()->Reseed(random_seed_);
                    // This should be done before calling OnTestIterationStart(),
                    // such that a test event listener can see the actual test order
                    // in the event.
                    ShuffleTests();
                }

                // Tells the unit test event listeners that the tests are about to start.
                repeater->OnTestIterationStart(*parent_, i);

                // Runs each test case if there is at least one test to run.
                if (has_tests_to_run) {
                    // Sets up all environments beforehand.
                    repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(*parent_);
                    ForEach(environments_, SetUpEnvironment);
                    repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(*parent_);

                    // Runs the tests only if there was no fatal failure during global
                    // set-up.
                    if (!Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
                        for (int test_index = 0; test_index < total_test_case_count();
                             test_index++) {
                            GetMutableTestCase(test_index)->Run();
                        }
                    }

                    // Tears down all environments in reverse order afterwards.
                    repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(*parent_);
                    std::for_each(environments_.rbegin(), environments_.rend(),
                            TearDownEnvironment);
                    repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(*parent_);
                }

                elapsed_time_ = GetTimeInMillis() - start;

                // Tells the unit test event listener that the tests have just finished.
                repeater->OnTestIterationEnd(*parent_, i);

                // Gets the result and clears it.
                if (!Passed()) {
                    failed = true;
                }

                // Restores the original test order after the iteration.  This
                // allows the user to quickly repro a failure that happens in the
                // N-th iteration without repeating the first (N - 1) iterations.
                // This is not enclosed in "if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) { ... }", in
                // case the user somehow changes the value of the flag somewhere
                // (it's always safe to unshuffle the tests).
                UnshuffleTests();

                if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
                    // Picks a new random seed for each iteration.
                    random_seed_ = GetNextRandomSeed(random_seed_);
                }
            }

            repeater->OnTestProgramEnd(*parent_);

            return !failed;
        }

// Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
// if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
// function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
// be created, prints an error and exits.
        void WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded() {
            const char *const test_shard_file = posix::GetEnv(kTestShardStatusFile);
            if (test_shard_file != NULL) {
                FILE *const file = posix::FOpen(test_shard_file, "w");
                if (file == NULL) {
                    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,
                            "Could not write to the test shard status file \"%s\" "
                                    "specified by the %s environment variable.\n",
                            test_shard_file, kTestShardStatusFile);
                    fflush(stdout);
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                fclose(file);
            }
        }

// Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
// environment variable values. If the variables are present,
// but inconsistent (i.e., shard_index >= total_shards), prints
// an error and exits. If in_subprocess_for_death_test, sharding is
// disabled because it must only be applied to the original test
// process. Otherwise, we could filter out death tests we intended to execute.
        bool ShouldShard(const char *total_shards_env,
                const char *shard_index_env,
                bool in_subprocess_for_death_test) {
            if (in_subprocess_for_death_test) {
                return false;
            }

            const Int32 total_shards = Int32FromEnvOrDie(total_shards_env, -1);
            const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie(shard_index_env, -1);

            if (total_shards == -1 && shard_index == -1) {
                return false;
            } else if (total_shards == -1 && shard_index != -1) {
                const Message msg = Message()
                        << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
                        << kTestShardIndex << " = " << shard_index
                        << ", but have left " << kTestTotalShards << " unset.\n";
                ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
                fflush(stdout);
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            } else if (total_shards != -1 && shard_index == -1) {
                const Message msg = Message()
                        << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
                        << kTestTotalShards << " = " << total_shards
                        << ", but have left " << kTestShardIndex << " unset.\n";
                ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
                fflush(stdout);
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            } else if (shard_index < 0 || shard_index >= total_shards) {
                const Message msg = Message()
                        << "Invalid environment variables: we require 0 <= "
                        << kTestShardIndex << " < " << kTestTotalShards
                        << ", but you have " << kTestShardIndex << "=" << shard_index
                        << ", " << kTestTotalShards << "=" << total_shards << ".\n";
                ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
                fflush(stdout);
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }

            return total_shards > 1;
        }

// Parses the environment variable var as an Int32. If it is unset,
// returns default_val. If it is not an Int32, prints an error
// and aborts.
        Int32 Int32FromEnvOrDie(const char *var, Int32 default_val) {
            const char *str_val = posix::GetEnv(var);
            if (str_val == NULL) {
                return default_val;
            }

            Int32 result;
            if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "The value of environment variable " << var,
                    str_val, &result)) {
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            return result;
        }

// Given the total number of shards, the shard index, and the test id,
// returns true iff the test should be run on this shard. The test id is
// some arbitrary but unique non-negative integer assigned to each test
// method. Assumes that 0 <= shard_index < total_shards.
        bool ShouldRunTestOnShard(int total_shards, int shard_index, int test_id) {
            return (test_id % total_shards) == shard_index;
        }

// Compares the name of each test with the user-specified filter to
// decide whether the test should be run, then records the result in
// each TestCase and TestInfo object.
// If shard_tests == true, further filters tests based on sharding
// variables in the environment - see
// http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestAdvancedGuide.
// Returns the number of tests that should run.
        int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
            const Int32 total_shards = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
                    Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestTotalShards, -1) : -1;
            const Int32 shard_index = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
                    Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestShardIndex, -1) : -1;

            // num_runnable_tests are the number of tests that will
            // run across all shards (i.e., match filter and are not disabled).
            // num_selected_tests are the number of tests to be run on
            // this shard.
            int num_runnable_tests = 0;
            int num_selected_tests = 0;
            for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
                TestCase *const test_case = test_cases_[i];
                const std::string &test_case_name = test_case->name();
                test_case->set_should_run(false);

                for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
                    TestInfo *const test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[j];
                    const std::string test_name(test_info->name());
                    // A test is disabled if test case name or test name matches
                    // kDisableTestFilter.
                    const bool is_disabled =
                            internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
                                    kDisableTestFilter) ||
                                    internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_name,
                                            kDisableTestFilter);
                    test_info->is_disabled_ = is_disabled;

                    const bool matches_filter =
                            internal::UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(test_case_name,
                                    test_name);
                    test_info->matches_filter_ = matches_filter;

                    const bool is_runnable =
                            (GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) || !is_disabled) &&
                                    matches_filter;

                    const bool is_selected = is_runnable &&
                            (shard_tests == IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ||
                                    ShouldRunTestOnShard(total_shards, shard_index,
                                            num_runnable_tests));

                    num_runnable_tests += is_runnable;
                    num_selected_tests += is_selected;

                    test_info->should_run_ = is_selected;
                    test_case->set_should_run(test_case->should_run() || is_selected);
                }
            }
            return num_selected_tests;
        }

// Prints the given C-string on a single line by replacing all '\n'
// characters with string "\\n".  If the output takes more than
// max_length characters, only prints the first max_length characters
// and "...".
        static void PrintOnOneLine(const char *str, int max_length) {
            if (str != NULL) {
                for (int i = 0; *str != '\0'; ++str) {
                    if (i >= max_length) {
                        printf("...");
                        break;
                    }
                    if (*str == '\n') {
                        printf("\\n");
                        i += 2;
                    } else {
                        printf("%c", *str);
                        ++i;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

// Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
        void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter() {
            // Print at most this many characters for each type/value parameter.
            const int kMaxParamLength = 250;

            for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
                const TestCase *const test_case = test_cases_[i];
                bool printed_test_case_name = false;

                for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
                    const TestInfo *const test_info =
                            test_case->test_info_list()[j];
                    if (test_info->matches_filter_) {
                        if (!printed_test_case_name) {
                            printed_test_case_name = true;
                            printf("%s.", test_case->name());
                            if (test_case->type_param() != NULL) {
                                printf("  # %s = ", kTypeParamLabel);
                                // We print the type parameter on a single line to make
                                // the output easy to parse by a program.
                                PrintOnOneLine(test_case->type_param(), kMaxParamLength);
                            }
                            printf("\n");
                        }
                        printf("  %s", test_info->name());
                        if (test_info->value_param() != NULL) {
                            printf("  # %s = ", kValueParamLabel);
                            // We print the value parameter on a single line to make the
                            // output easy to parse by a program.
                            PrintOnOneLine(test_info->value_param(), kMaxParamLength);
                        }
                        printf("\n");
                    }
                }
            }
            fflush(stdout);
        }

// Sets the OS stack trace getter.
//
// Does nothing if the input and the current OS stack trace getter are
// the same; otherwise, deletes the old getter and makes the input the
// current getter.
        void UnitTestImpl::set_os_stack_trace_getter(
                OsStackTraceGetterInterface *getter) {
            if (os_stack_trace_getter_ != getter) {
                delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
                os_stack_trace_getter_ = getter;
            }
        }

// Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
// otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
// getter, and returns it.
        OsStackTraceGetterInterface *UnitTestImpl::os_stack_trace_getter() {
            if (os_stack_trace_getter_ == NULL) {
                os_stack_trace_getter_ = new OsStackTraceGetter;
            }

            return os_stack_trace_getter_;
        }

// Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
// the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
        TestResult *UnitTestImpl::current_test_result() {
            return current_test_info_ ?
                    &(current_test_info_->result_) : &ad_hoc_test_result_;
        }

// Shuffles all test cases, and the tests within each test case,
// making sure that death tests are still run first.
        void UnitTestImpl::ShuffleTests() {
            // Shuffles the death test cases.
            ShuffleRange(random(), 0, last_death_test_case_ + 1, &test_case_indices_);

            // Shuffles the non-death test cases.
            ShuffleRange(random(), last_death_test_case_ + 1,
                    static_cast<int>(test_cases_.size()), &test_case_indices_);

            // Shuffles the tests inside each test case.
            for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
                test_cases_[i]->ShuffleTests(random());
            }
        }

// Restores the test cases and tests to their order before the first shuffle.
        void UnitTestImpl::UnshuffleTests() {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
                // Unshuffles the tests in each test case.
                test_cases_[i]->UnshuffleTests();
                // Resets the index of each test case.
                test_case_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
            }
        }

// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
//
// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
// count against the number of frames to be included.
//
// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
// GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
// the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
        std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest * /*unit_test*/,
                int skip_count) {
            // We pass skip_count + 1 to skip this wrapper function in addition
            // to what the user really wants to skip.
            return GetUnitTestImpl()->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(skip_count + 1);
        }

// Used by the GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_ macro to
// suppress unreachable code warnings.
        namespace {
            class ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue {
            };
        }

        bool IsTrue(bool condition) {
            return condition;
        }

        bool AlwaysTrue() {
#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
            // This condition is always false so AlwaysTrue() never actually throws,
            // but it makes the compiler think that it may throw.
            if (IsTrue(false))
                throw ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue();
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
            return true;
        }

// If *pstr starts with the given prefix, modifies *pstr to be right
// past the prefix and returns true; otherwise leaves *pstr unchanged
// and returns false.  None of pstr, *pstr, and prefix can be NULL.
        bool SkipPrefix(const char *prefix, const char **pstr) {
            const size_t prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
            if (strncmp(*pstr, prefix, prefix_len) == 0) {
                *pstr += prefix_len;
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

// Parses a string as a command line flag.  The string should have
// the format "--flag=value".  When def_optional is true, the "=value"
// part can be omitted.
//
// Returns the value of the flag, or NULL if the parsing failed.
        const char *ParseFlagValue(const char *str,
                const char *flag,
                bool def_optional) {
            // str and flag must not be NULL.
            if (str == NULL || flag == NULL) return NULL;

            // The flag must start with "--" followed by GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_.
            const std::string flag_str = std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + flag;
            const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();
            if (strncmp(str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len) != 0) return NULL;

            // Skips the flag name.
            const char *flag_end = str + flag_len;

            // When def_optional is true, it's OK to not have a "=value" part.
            if (def_optional && (flag_end[0] == '\0')) {
                return flag_end;
            }

            // If def_optional is true and there are more characters after the
            // flag name, or if def_optional is false, there must be a '=' after
            // the flag name.
            if (flag_end[0] != '=') return NULL;

            // Returns the string after "=".
            return flag_end + 1;
        }

// Parses a string for a bool flag, in the form of either
// "--flag=value" or "--flag".
//
// In the former case, the value is taken as true as long as it does
// not start with '0', 'f', or 'F'.
//
// In the latter case, the value is taken as true.
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
        bool ParseBoolFlag(const char *str, const char *flag, bool *value) {
            // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
            const char *const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, true);

            // Aborts if the parsing failed.
            if (value_str == NULL) return false;

            // Converts the string value to a bool.
            *value = !(*value_str == '0' || *value_str == 'f' || *value_str == 'F');
            return true;
        }

// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of
// "--flag=value".
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
        bool ParseInt32Flag(const char *str, const char *flag, Int32 *value) {
            // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
            const char *const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);

            // Aborts if the parsing failed.
            if (value_str == NULL) return false;

            // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
            return ParseInt32(Message() << "The value of flag --" << flag,
                    value_str, value);
        }

// Parses a string for a string flag, in the form of
// "--flag=value".
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
        bool ParseStringFlag(const char *str, const char *flag, std::string *value) {
            // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
            const char *const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);

            // Aborts if the parsing failed.
            if (value_str == NULL) return false;

            // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
            *value = value_str;
            return true;
        }

// Determines whether a string has a prefix that Google Test uses for its
// flags, i.e., starts with GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ or GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_.
// If Google Test detects that a command line flag has its prefix but is not
// recognized, it will print its help message. Flags starting with
// GTEST_INTERNAL_PREFIX_ followed by "internal_" are considered Google Test
// internal flags and do not trigger the help message.
        static bool HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(const char *str) {
            return (SkipPrefix("--", &str) ||
                    SkipPrefix("-", &str) ||
                    SkipPrefix("/", &str)) &&
                    !SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
            "internal_", &str) &&
            (SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, &str) ||
                    SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_, &str));
        }

// Prints a string containing code-encoded text.  The following escape
// sequences can be used in the string to control the text color:
//
//   @@    prints a single '@' character.
//   @R    changes the color to red.
//   @G    changes the color to green.
//   @Y    changes the color to yellow.
//   @D    changes to the default terminal text color.
//
// TODO(wan@google.com): Write tests for this once we add stdout
// capturing to Google Test.
        static void PrintColorEncoded(const char *str) {
            GTestColor color = COLOR_DEFAULT;  // The current color.

            // Conceptually, we split the string into segments divided by escape
            // sequences.  Then we print one segment at a time.  At the end of
            // each iteration, the str pointer advances to the beginning of the
            // next segment.
            for (; ;) {
                const char *p = strchr(str, '@');
                if (p == NULL) {
                    ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", str);
                    return;
                }

                ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", std::string(str, p).c_str());

                const char ch = p[1];
                str = p + 2;
                if (ch == '@') {
                    ColoredPrintf(color, "@");
                } else if (ch == 'D') {
                    color = COLOR_DEFAULT;
                } else if (ch == 'R') {
                    color = COLOR_RED;
                } else if (ch == 'G') {
                    color = COLOR_GREEN;
                } else if (ch == 'Y') {
                    color = COLOR_YELLOW;
                } else {
                    --str;
                }
            }
        }

        static const char kColorEncodedHelpMessage[] =
                "This program contains tests written using "
        GTEST_NAME_ ". You can use the\n"
        "following command line flags to control its behavior:\n"
        "\n"
        "Test Selection:\n"
        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D\n"
        "      List the names of all tests instead of running them. The name of\n"
        "      TEST(Foo, Bar) is \"Foo.Bar\".\n"
        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "filter=@YPOSTIVE_PATTERNS"
        "[@G-@YNEGATIVE_PATTERNS]@D\n"
        "      Run only the tests whose name matches one of the positive patterns but\n"
        "      none of the negative patterns. '?' matches any single character; '*'\n"
        "      matches any substring; ':' separates two patterns.\n"
        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "also_run_disabled_tests@D\n"
        "      Run all disabled tests too.\n"
        "\n"
        "Test Execution:\n"
        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "repeat=@Y[COUNT]@D\n"
        "      Run the tests repeatedly; use a negative count to repeat forever.\n"
        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "shuffle@D\n"
        "      Randomize tests' orders on every iteration.\n"
        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "random_seed=@Y[NUMBER]@D\n"
        "      Random number seed to use for shuffling test orders (between 1 and\n"
        "      99999, or 0 to use a seed based on the current time).\n"
        "\n"
        "Test Output:\n"
        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "color=@Y(@Gyes@Y|@Gno@Y|@Gauto@Y)@D\n"
        "      Enable/disable colored output. The default is @Gauto@D.\n"
        "  -@G-" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "print_time=0@D\n"
        "      Don't print the elapsed time of each test.\n"
        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "output=xml@Y[@G:@YDIRECTORY_PATH@G"
        GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "@Y|@G:@YFILE_PATH]@D\n"
        "      Generate an XML report in the given directory or with the given file\n"
        "      name. @YFILE_PATH@D defaults to @Gtest_details.xml@D.\n"
#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "stream_result_to=@YHOST@G:@YPORT@D\n"
"      Stream test results to the given server.\n"
#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
        "\n"
        "Assertion Behavior:\n"
#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
                        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "death_test_style=@Y(@Gfast@Y|@Gthreadsafe@Y)@D\n"
                        "      Set the default death test style.\n"
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "break_on_failure@D\n"
        "      Turn assertion failures into debugger break-points.\n"
        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "throw_on_failure@D\n"
        "      Turn assertion failures into C++ exceptions.\n"
        "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "catch_exceptions=0@D\n"
        "      Do not report exceptions as test failures. Instead, allow them\n"
        "      to crash the program or throw a pop-up (on Windows).\n"
        "\n"
        "Except for @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D, you can alternatively set "
        "the corresponding\n"
        "environment variable of a flag (all letters in upper-case). For example, to\n"
        "disable colored text output, you can either specify @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
        "color=no@D or set\n"
        "the @G" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "COLOR@D environment variable to @Gno@D.\n"
        "\n"
        "For more information, please read the " GTEST_NAME_ " documentation at\n"
        "@G" GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "@D. If you find a bug in " GTEST_NAME_ "\n"
        "(not one in your own code or tests), please report it to\n"
        "@G<" GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ ">@D.\n";

// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
// other parts of Google Test.  The type parameter CharType can be
// instantiated to either char or wchar_t.
        template<typename CharType>
        void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(int *argc, CharType **argv) {
            for (int i = 1; i < *argc; i++) {
                const std::string arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
                const char *const arg = arg_string.c_str();

                using internal::ParseBoolFlag;
                using internal::ParseInt32Flag;
                using internal::ParseStringFlag;

                // Do we see a Google Test flag?
                if (ParseBoolFlag(arg, kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag,
                        &GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) ||
                        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kBreakOnFailureFlag,
                                &GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) ||
                        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kCatchExceptionsFlag,
                                &GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions)) ||
                        ParseStringFlag(arg, kColorFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(color)) ||
                        ParseStringFlag(arg, kDeathTestStyleFlag,
                                &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)) ||
                        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kDeathTestUseFork,
                                &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork)) ||
                        ParseStringFlag(arg, kFilterFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(filter)) ||
                        ParseStringFlag(arg, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
                                &GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test)) ||
                        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kListTestsFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) ||
                        ParseStringFlag(arg, kOutputFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(output)) ||
                        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kPrintTimeFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) ||
                        ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRandomSeedFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) ||
                        ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRepeatFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(repeat)) ||
                        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kShuffleFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) ||
                        ParseInt32Flag(arg, kStackTraceDepthFlag,
                                &GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth)) ||
                        ParseStringFlag(arg, kStreamResultToFlag,
                                &GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to)) ||
                        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kThrowOnFailureFlag,
                                &GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure))
                        ) {
                    // Yes.  Shift the remainder of the argv list left by one.  Note
                    // that argv has (*argc + 1) elements, the last one always being
                    // NULL.  The following loop moves the trailing NULL element as
                    // well.
                    for (int j = i; j != *argc; j++) {
                        argv[j] = argv[j + 1];
                    }

                    // Decrements the argument count.
                    (*argc)--;

                    // We also need to decrement the iterator as we just removed
                    // an element.
                    i--;
                } else if (arg_string == "--help" || arg_string == "-h" ||
                        arg_string == "-?" || arg_string == "/?" ||
                        HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(arg)) {
                    // Both help flag and unrecognized Google Test flags (excluding
                    // internal ones) trigger help display.
                    g_help_flag = true;
                }
            }

            if (g_help_flag) {
                // We print the help here instead of in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as the
                // latter may not be called at all if the user is using Google
                // Test with another testing framework.
                PrintColorEncoded(kColorEncodedHelpMessage);
            }
        }

// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
// other parts of Google Test.
        void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int *argc, char **argv) {
            ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
        }

        void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int *argc, wchar_t **argv) {
            ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
        }

// The internal implementation of InitGoogleTest().
//
// The type parameter CharType can be instantiated to either char or
// wchar_t.
        template<typename CharType>
        void InitGoogleTestImpl(int *argc, CharType **argv) {
            g_init_gtest_count++;

            // We don't want to run the initialization code twice.
            if (g_init_gtest_count != 1) return;

            if (*argc <= 0) return;

            internal::g_executable_path = internal::StreamableToString(argv[0]);

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

            g_argvs.clear();
            for (int i = 0; i != *argc; i++) {
                g_argvs.push_back(StreamableToString(argv[i]));
            }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

            ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(argc, argv);
            GetUnitTestImpl()->PostFlagParsingInit();
        }

    }  // namespace internal

// Initializes Google Test.  This must be called before calling
// RUN_ALL_TESTS().  In particular, it parses a command line for the
// flags that Google Test recognizes.  Whenever a Google Test flag is
// seen, it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
//
// No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Test flag variables are
// updated.
//
// Calling the function for the second time has no user-visible effect.
    void InitGoogleTest(int *argc, char **argv) {
        internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
    }

// This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
// UNICODE mode.
    void InitGoogleTest(int *argc, wchar_t **argv) {
        internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
    }

}  // namespace testing
// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
//
// This file implements death tests.


#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

# if GTEST_OS_MAC
# endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC

# if GTEST_OS_LINUX
#  include <signal.h>
# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX

# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
#  include <windows.h>
# else
# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

# if GTEST_OS_QNX
#  include <spawn.h>
# endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST


// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
// his code.
#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

namespace testing {

// Constants.

// The default death test style.
    static const char kDefaultDeathTestStyle[] = "fast";

    GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
            death_test_style,
            internal::StringFromGTestEnv(
    "death_test_style", kDefaultDeathTestStyle),
    "Indicates how to run a death test in a forked child process: "
    "\"threadsafe\" (child process re-executes the test binary "
    "from the beginning, running only the specific death test) or "
    "\"fast\" (child process runs the death test immediately "
    "after forking).");

    GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
            death_test_use_fork,
            internal::BoolFromGTestEnv(
    "death_test_use_fork", false),
    "Instructs to use fork()/_exit() instead of clone() in death tests. "
    "Ignored and always uses fork() on POSIX systems where clone() is not "
    "implemented. Useful when running under valgrind or similar tools if "
    "those do not support clone(). Valgrind 3.3.1 will just fail if "
    "it sees an unsupported combination of clone() flags. "
    "It is not recommended to use this flag w/o valgrind though it will "
    "work in 99% of the cases. Once valgrind is fixed, this flag will "
    "most likely be removed.");

    namespace internal {
        GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
                internal_run_death_test,
        "",
        "Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
        "the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
        "which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
        "the '|' characters.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
        "process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
        "death test.  FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.");
    }  // namespace internal

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

    namespace internal {

// Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
// child process of a fast style death test.
        static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;

// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
        bool InDeathTestChild() {
# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

  // On Windows, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value of the
  // death_test_style flag.
  return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();

# else

            if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe")
                return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
            else
                return g_in_fast_death_test_child;
#endif
        }

    }  // namespace internal

// ExitedWithCode constructor.
    ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code) : exit_code_(exit_code) {
    }

// ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
    bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status) const {
# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

  return exit_status == exit_code_;

# else

        return WIFEXITED(exit_status) && WEXITSTATUS(exit_status) == exit_code_;

# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    }

# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// KilledBySignal constructor.
    KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal(int signum) : signum_(signum) {
    }

// KilledBySignal function-call operator.
    bool KilledBySignal::operator()(int exit_status) const {
        return WIFSIGNALED(exit_status) && WTERMSIG(exit_status) == signum_;
    }

# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

    namespace internal {

// Utilities needed for death tests.

// Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
// specified by wait(2).
        static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
            Message m;

# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

  m << "Exited with exit status " << exit_code;

# else

            if (WIFEXITED(exit_code)) {
                m << "Exited with exit status " << WEXITSTATUS(exit_code);
            } else if (WIFSIGNALED(exit_code)) {
                m << "Terminated by signal " << WTERMSIG(exit_code);
            }
#  ifdef WCOREDUMP
            if (WCOREDUMP(exit_code)) {
                m << " (core dumped)";
            }
#  endif
# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

            return m.GetString();
        }

// Returns true if exit_status describes a process that was terminated
// by a signal, or exited normally with a nonzero exit code.
        bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status) {
            return !ExitedWithCode(0)(exit_status);
        }

# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
// one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
// to executing the given statement.  It is the responsibility of the
// caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
        static std::string DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
            Message msg;
            msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
                    << " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";
            if (thread_count == 0)
                msg << "couldn't detect the number of threads.";
            else
                msg << "detected " << thread_count << " threads.";
            return msg.GetString();
        }

# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Flag characters for reporting a death test that did not die.
        static const char kDeathTestLived = 'L';
        static const char kDeathTestReturned = 'R';
        static const char kDeathTestThrew = 'T';
        static const char kDeathTestInternalError = 'I';

// An enumeration describing all of the possible ways that a death test can
// conclude.  DIED means that the process died while executing the test
// code; LIVED means that process lived beyond the end of the test code;
// RETURNED means that the test statement attempted to execute a return
// statement, which is not allowed; THREW means that the test statement
// returned control by throwing an exception.  IN_PROGRESS means the test
// has not yet concluded.
// TODO(vladl@google.com): Unify names and possibly values for
// AbortReason, DeathTestOutcome, and flag characters above.
        enum DeathTestOutcome {
            IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED, THREW
        };

// Routine for aborting the program which is safe to call from an
// exec-style death test child process, in which case the error
// message is propagated back to the parent process.  Otherwise, the
// message is simply printed to stderr.  In either case, the program
// then exits with status 1.
        void DeathTestAbort(const std::string &message) {
            // On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
            // death test child process, which operates on a very small stack.  Use
            // the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
            const InternalRunDeathTestFlag *const flag =
                    GetUnitTestImpl()->internal_run_death_test_flag();
            if (flag != NULL) {
                FILE *parent = posix::FDOpen(flag->write_fd(), "w");
                fputc(kDeathTestInternalError, parent);
                fprintf(parent, "%s", message.c_str());
                fflush(parent);
                _exit(1);
            } else {
                fprintf(stderr, "%s", message.c_str());
                fflush(stderr);
                posix::Abort();
            }
        }

// A replacement for CHECK that calls DeathTestAbort if the assertion
// fails.
# define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression) \
  do { \
    if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression)) { \
      DeathTestAbort( \
          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ +  ", line " \
          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
          + #expression); \
    } \
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

// This macro is similar to GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_, but it is meant for
// evaluating any system call that fulfills two conditions: it must return
// -1 on failure, and set errno to EINTR when it is interrupted and
// should be tried again.  The macro expands to a loop that repeatedly
// evaluates the expression as long as it evaluates to -1 and sets
// errno to EINTR.  If the expression evaluates to -1 but errno is
// something other than EINTR, DeathTestAbort is called.
# define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(expression) \
  do { \
    int gtest_retval; \
    do { \
      gtest_retval = (expression); \
    } while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
    if (gtest_retval == -1) { \
      DeathTestAbort( \
          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " \
          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
          + #expression + " != -1"); \
    } \
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

// Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
        std::string GetLastErrnoDescription() {
            return errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno);
        }

// This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
// message from the death test child process and log it with the FATAL
// severity. On Windows, the message is read from a pipe handle. On other
// platforms, it is read from a file descriptor.
        static void FailFromInternalError(int fd) {
            Message error;
            char buffer[256];
            int num_read;

            do {
                while ((num_read = posix::Read(fd, buffer, 255)) > 0) {
                    buffer[num_read] = '\0';
                    error << buffer;
                }
            } while (num_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);

            if (num_read == 0) {
                GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << error.GetString();
            } else {
                const int last_error = errno;
                GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Error while reading death test internal: "
                        << GetLastErrnoDescription() << " [" << last_error << "]";
            }
        }

// Death test constructor.  Increments the running death test count
// for the current test.
        DeathTest::DeathTest() {
            TestInfo *const info = GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_info();
            if (info == NULL) {
                DeathTestAbort("Cannot run a death test outside of a TEST or "
                        "TEST_F construct");
            }
        }

// Creates and returns a death test by dispatching to the current
// death test factory.
        bool DeathTest::Create(const char *statement, const RE *regex,
                const char *file, int line, DeathTest **test) {
            return GetUnitTestImpl()->death_test_factory()->Create(
                    statement, regex, file, line, test);
        }

        const char *DeathTest::LastMessage() {
            return last_death_test_message_.c_str();
        }

        void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const std::string &message) {
            last_death_test_message_ = message;
        }

        std::string DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;

// Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
        class DeathTestImpl : public DeathTest {
        protected:
            DeathTestImpl(const char *a_statement, const RE *a_regex)
                    : statement_(a_statement),
                      regex_(a_regex),
                      spawned_(false),
                      status_(-1),
                      outcome_(IN_PROGRESS),
                      read_fd_(-1),
                      write_fd_(-1) {
            }

            // read_fd_ is expected to be closed and cleared by a derived class.
            ~DeathTestImpl() {
                GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(read_fd_ == -1);
            }

            void Abort(AbortReason reason);

            virtual bool Passed(bool status_ok);

            const char *statement() const {
                return statement_;
            }

            const RE *regex() const {
                return regex_;
            }

            bool spawned() const {
                return spawned_;
            }

            void set_spawned(bool is_spawned) {
                spawned_ = is_spawned;
            }

            int status() const {
                return status_;
            }

            void set_status(int a_status) {
                status_ = a_status;
            }

            DeathTestOutcome outcome() const {
                return outcome_;
            }

            void set_outcome(DeathTestOutcome an_outcome) {
                outcome_ = an_outcome;
            }

            int read_fd() const {
                return read_fd_;
            }

            void set_read_fd(int fd) {
                read_fd_ = fd;
            }

            int write_fd() const {
                return write_fd_;
            }

            void set_write_fd(int fd) {
                write_fd_ = fd;
            }

            // Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
            // test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
            // member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
            // case of unexpected codes.
            void ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();

        private:
            // The textual content of the code this object is testing.  This class
            // doesn't own this string and should not attempt to delete it.
            const char *const statement_;
            // The regular expression which test output must match.  DeathTestImpl
            // doesn't own this object and should not attempt to delete it.
            const RE *const regex_;
            // True if the death test child process has been successfully spawned.
            bool spawned_;
            // The exit status of the child process.
            int status_;
            // How the death test concluded.
            DeathTestOutcome outcome_;
            // Descriptor to the read end of the pipe to the child process.  It is
            // always -1 in the child process.  The child keeps its write end of the
            // pipe in write_fd_.
            int read_fd_;
            // Descriptor to the child's write end of the pipe to the parent process.
            // It is always -1 in the parent process.  The parent keeps its end of the
            // pipe in read_fd_.
            int write_fd_;
        };

// Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
// test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
// member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
// case of unexpected codes.
        void DeathTestImpl::ReadAndInterpretStatusByte() {
            char flag;
            int bytes_read;

            // The read() here blocks until data is available (signifying the
            // failure of the death test) or until the pipe is closed (signifying
            // its success), so it's okay to call this in the parent before
            // the child process has exited.
            do {
                bytes_read = posix::Read(read_fd(), &flag, 1);
            } while (bytes_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);

            if (bytes_read == 0) {
                set_outcome(DIED);
            } else if (bytes_read == 1) {
                switch (flag) {
                    case kDeathTestReturned:
                        set_outcome(RETURNED);
                        break;
                    case kDeathTestThrew:
                        set_outcome(THREW);
                        break;
                    case kDeathTestLived:
                        set_outcome(LIVED);
                        break;
                    case kDeathTestInternalError:
                        FailFromInternalError(read_fd());  // Does not return.
                        break;
                    default:
                        GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Death test child process reported "
                                << "unexpected status byte ("
                                << static_cast<unsigned int>(flag) << ")";
                }
            } else {
                GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Read from death test child process failed: "
                        << GetLastErrnoDescription();
            }
            GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Close(read_fd()));
            set_read_fd(-1);
        }

// Signals that the death test code which should have exited, didn't.
// Should be called only in a death test child process.
// Writes a status byte to the child's status file descriptor, then
// calls _exit(1).
        void DeathTestImpl::Abort(AbortReason reason) {
            // The parent process considers the death test to be a failure if
            // it finds any data in our pipe.  So, here we write a single flag byte
            // to the pipe, then exit.
            const char status_ch =
                    reason == TEST_DID_NOT_DIE ? kDeathTestLived :
                            reason == TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION ? kDeathTestThrew : kDeathTestReturned;

            GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Write(write_fd(), &status_ch, 1));
            // We are leaking the descriptor here because on some platforms (i.e.,
            // when built as Windows DLL), destructors of global objects will still
            // run after calling _exit(). On such systems, write_fd_ will be
            // indirectly closed from the destructor of UnitTestImpl, causing double
            // close if it is also closed here. On debug configurations, double close
            // may assert. As there are no in-process buffers to flush here, we are
            // relying on the OS to close the descriptor after the process terminates
            // when the destructors are not run.
            _exit(1);  // Exits w/o any normal exit hooks (we were supposed to crash)
        }

// Returns an indented copy of stderr output for a death test.
// This makes distinguishing death test output lines from regular log lines
// much easier.
        static ::std::string FormatDeathTestOutput(const ::std::string &output) {
            ::std::string ret;
            for (size_t at = 0; ;) {
                const size_t line_end = output.find('\n', at);
                ret += "[  DEATH   ] ";
                if (line_end == ::std::string::npos) {
                    ret += output.substr(at);
                    break;
                }
                ret += output.substr(at, line_end + 1 - at);
                at = line_end + 1;
            }
            return ret;
        }

// Assesses the success or failure of a death test, using both private
// members which have previously been set, and one argument:
//
// Private data members:
//   outcome:  An enumeration describing how the death test
//             concluded: DIED, LIVED, THREW, or RETURNED.  The death test
//             fails in the latter three cases.
//   status:   The exit status of the child process. On *nix, it is in the
//             in the format specified by wait(2). On Windows, this is the
//             value supplied to the ExitProcess() API or a numeric code
//             of the exception that terminated the program.
//   regex:    A regular expression object to be applied to
//             the test's captured standard error output; the death test
//             fails if it does not match.
//
// Argument:
//   status_ok: true if exit_status is acceptable in the context of
//              this particular death test, which fails if it is false
//
// Returns true iff all of the above conditions are met.  Otherwise, the
// first failing condition, in the order given above, is the one that is
// reported. Also sets the last death test message string.
        bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok) {
            if (!spawned())
                return false;

            const std::string error_message = GetCapturedStderr();

            bool success = false;
            Message buffer;

            buffer << "Death test: " << statement() << "\n";
            switch (outcome()) {
                case LIVED:
                    buffer << "    Result: failed to die.\n"
                            << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
                    break;
                case THREW:
                    buffer << "    Result: threw an exception.\n"
                            << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
                    break;
                case RETURNED:
                    buffer << "    Result: illegal return in test statement.\n"
                            << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
                    break;
                case DIED:
                    if (status_ok) {
                        const bool matched = RE::PartialMatch(error_message.c_str(), *regex());
                        if (matched) {
                            success = true;
                        } else {
                            buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected error.\n"
                                    << "  Expected: " << regex()->pattern() << "\n"
                                    << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
                        }
                    } else {
                        buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected exit code:\n"
                                << "            " << ExitSummary(status()) << "\n"
                                << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
                    }
                    break;
                case IN_PROGRESS:
                default:
                    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL)
                            << "DeathTest::Passed somehow called before conclusion of test";
            }

            DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(buffer.GetString());
            return success;
        }

# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// WindowsDeathTest implements death tests on Windows. Due to the
// specifics of starting new processes on Windows, death tests there are
// always threadsafe, and Google Test considers the
// --gtest_death_test_style=fast setting to be equivalent to
// --gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe there.
//
// A few implementation notes:  Like the Linux version, the Windows
// implementation uses pipes for child-to-parent communication. But due to
// the specifics of pipes on Windows, some extra steps are required:
//
// 1. The parent creates a communication pipe and stores handles to both
//    ends of it.
// 2. The parent starts the child and provides it with the information
//    necessary to acquire the handle to the write end of the pipe.
// 3. The child acquires the write end of the pipe and signals the parent
//    using a Windows event.
// 4. Now the parent can release the write end of the pipe on its side. If
//    this is done before step 3, the object's reference count goes down to
//    0 and it is destroyed, preventing the child from acquiring it. The
//    parent now has to release it, or read operations on the read end of
//    the pipe will not return when the child terminates.
// 5. The parent reads child's output through the pipe (outcome code and
//    any possible error messages) from the pipe, and its stderr and then
//    determines whether to fail the test.
//
// Note: to distinguish Win32 API calls from the local method and function
// calls, the former are explicitly resolved in the global namespace.
//
class WindowsDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
 public:
  WindowsDeathTest(const char* a_statement,
                   const RE* a_regex,
                   const char* file,
                   int line)
      : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) {}

  // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
  virtual int Wait();
  virtual TestRole AssumeRole();

 private:
  // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
  const char* const file_;
  // The line number on which the death test is located.
  const int line_;
  // Handle to the write end of the pipe to the child process.
  AutoHandle write_handle_;
  // Child process handle.
  AutoHandle child_handle_;
  // Event the child process uses to signal the parent that it has
  // acquired the handle to the write end of the pipe. After seeing this
  // event the parent can release its own handles to make sure its
  // ReadFile() calls return when the child terminates.
  AutoHandle event_handle_;
};

// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
// outcome data member.
int WindowsDeathTest::Wait() {
  if (!spawned())
    return 0;

  // Wait until the child either signals that it has acquired the write end
  // of the pipe or it dies.
  const HANDLE wait_handles[2] = { child_handle_.Get(), event_handle_.Get() };
  switch (::WaitForMultipleObjects(2,
                                   wait_handles,
                                   FALSE,  // Waits for any of the handles.
                                   INFINITE)) {
    case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
    case WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1:
      break;
    default:
      GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(false);  // Should not get here.
  }

  // The child has acquired the write end of the pipe or exited.
  // We release the handle on our side and continue.
  write_handle_.Reset();
  event_handle_.Reset();

  ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();

  // Waits for the child process to exit if it haven't already. This
  // returns immediately if the child has already exited, regardless of
  // whether previous calls to WaitForMultipleObjects synchronized on this
  // handle or not.
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
      WAIT_OBJECT_0 == ::WaitForSingleObject(child_handle_.Get(),
                                             INFINITE));
  DWORD status_code;
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
      ::GetExitCodeProcess(child_handle_.Get(), &status_code) != FALSE);
  child_handle_.Reset();
  set_status(static_cast<int>(status_code));
  return status();
}

// The AssumeRole process for a Windows death test.  It creates a child
// process with the same executable as the current process to run the
// death test.  The child process is given the --gtest_filter and
// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags such that it knows to run the
// current death test only.
DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
  const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
  const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
      impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
  const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
  const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();

  if (flag != NULL) {
    // ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() has performed all the necessary
    // processing.
    set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
    return EXECUTE_TEST;
  }

  // WindowsDeathTest uses an anonymous pipe to communicate results of
  // a death test.
  SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES handles_are_inheritable = {
    sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES), NULL, TRUE };
  HANDLE read_handle, write_handle;
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
      ::CreatePipe(&read_handle, &write_handle, &handles_are_inheritable,
                   0)  // Default buffer size.
      != FALSE);
  set_read_fd(::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(read_handle),
                                O_RDONLY));
  write_handle_.Reset(write_handle);
  event_handle_.Reset(::CreateEvent(
      &handles_are_inheritable,
      TRUE,    // The event will automatically reset to non-signaled state.
      FALSE,   // The initial state is non-signalled.
      NULL));  // The even is unnamed.
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(event_handle_.Get() != NULL);
  const std::string filter_flag =
      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "=" +
      info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
  const std::string internal_flag =
      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag +
      "=" + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|" +
      StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|" +
      StreamableToString(static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId())) +
      // size_t has the same width as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
      // Windows platforms.
      // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle)) +
      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));

  char executable_path[_MAX_PATH + 1];  // NOLINT
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
      _MAX_PATH + 1 != ::GetModuleFileNameA(NULL,
                                            executable_path,
                                            _MAX_PATH));

  std::string command_line =
      std::string(::GetCommandLineA()) + " " + filter_flag + " \"" +
      internal_flag + "\"";

  DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");

  CaptureStderr();
  // Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
  FlushInfoLog();

  // The child process will share the standard handles with the parent.
  STARTUPINFOA startup_info;
  memset(&startup_info, 0, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
  startup_info.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
  startup_info.hStdInput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
  startup_info.hStdOutput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
  startup_info.hStdError = ::GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);

  PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(::CreateProcessA(
      executable_path,
      const_cast<char*>(command_line.c_str()),
      NULL,   // Retuned process handle is not inheritable.
      NULL,   // Retuned thread handle is not inheritable.
      TRUE,   // Child inherits all inheritable handles (for write_handle_).
      0x0,    // Default creation flags.
      NULL,   // Inherit the parent's environment.
      UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(),
      &startup_info,
      &process_info) != FALSE);
  child_handle_.Reset(process_info.hProcess);
  ::CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
  set_spawned(true);
  return OVERSEE_TEST;
}
# else  // We are not on Windows.

// ForkingDeathTest provides implementations for most of the abstract
// methods of the DeathTest interface.  Only the AssumeRole method is
// left undefined.
        class ForkingDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
        public:
            ForkingDeathTest(const char *statement, const RE *regex);

            // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
            virtual int Wait();

        protected:
            void set_child_pid(pid_t child_pid) {
                child_pid_ = child_pid;
            }

        private:
            // PID of child process during death test; 0 in the child process itself.
            pid_t child_pid_;
        };

// Constructs a ForkingDeathTest.
        ForkingDeathTest::ForkingDeathTest(const char *a_statement, const RE *a_regex)
                : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex),
                  child_pid_(-1) {
        }

// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
// outcome data member.
        int ForkingDeathTest::Wait() {
            if (!spawned())
                return 0;

            ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();

            int status_value;
            GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(waitpid(child_pid_, &status_value, 0));
            set_status(status_value);
            return status_value;
        }

// A concrete death test class that forks, then immediately runs the test
// in the child process.
        class NoExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
        public:
            NoExecDeathTest(const char *a_statement, const RE *a_regex) :
                    ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex) {
            }

            virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
        };

// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-run death test.  It implements a
// straightforward fork, with a simple pipe to transmit the status byte.
        DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
            const size_t thread_count = GetThreadCount();
            if (thread_count != 1) {
                GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << DeathTestThreadWarning(thread_count);
            }

            int pipe_fd[2];
            GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);

            DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
            CaptureStderr();
            // When we fork the process below, the log file buffers are copied, but the
            // file descriptors are shared.  We flush all log files here so that closing
            // the file descriptors in the child process doesn't throw off the
            // synchronization between descriptors and buffers in the parent process.
            // This is as close to the fork as possible to avoid a race condition in case
            // there are multiple threads running before the death test, and another
            // thread writes to the log file.
            FlushInfoLog();

            const pid_t child_pid = fork();
            GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
            set_child_pid(child_pid);
            if (child_pid == 0) {
                GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[0]));
                set_write_fd(pipe_fd[1]);
                // Redirects all logging to stderr in the child process to prevent
                // concurrent writes to the log files.  We capture stderr in the parent
                // process and append the child process' output to a log.
                LogToStderr();
                // Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
                // down in death test subprocesses.
                GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
                g_in_fast_death_test_child = true;
                return EXECUTE_TEST;
            } else {
                GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
                set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
                set_spawned(true);
                return OVERSEE_TEST;
            }
        }

// A concrete death test class that forks and re-executes the main
// program from the beginning, with command-line flags set that cause
// only this specific death test to be run.
        class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
        public:
            ExecDeathTest(const char *a_statement, const RE *a_regex,
                    const char *file, int line) :
                    ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) {
            }

            virtual TestRole AssumeRole();

        private:
            static ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>
            GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess() {
                ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
                return args;
            }

            // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
            const char *const file_;
            // The line number on which the death test is located.
            const int line_;
        };

// Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
        class Arguments {
        public:
            Arguments() {
                args_.push_back(NULL);
            }

            ~Arguments() {
                for (std::vector<char *>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
                     ++i) {
                    free(*i);
                }
            }

            void AddArgument(const char *argument) {
                args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument));
            }

            template<typename Str>
            void AddArguments(const ::std::vector<Str> &arguments) {
                for (typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
                     i != arguments.end();
                     ++i) {
                    args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
                }
            }

            char *const *Argv() {
                return &args_[0];
            }

        private:
            std::vector<char *> args_;
        };

// A struct that encompasses the arguments to the child process of a
// threadsafe-style death test process.
        struct ExecDeathTestArgs {
            char *const *argv;  // Command-line arguments for the child's call to exec
            int close_fd;       // File descriptor to close; the read end of a pipe
        };

#  if GTEST_OS_MAC

        inline char **GetEnviron() {
            // When Google Test is built as a framework on MacOS X, the environ variable
            // is unavailable. Apple's documentation (man environ) recommends using
            // _NSGetEnviron() instead.
            return *_NSGetEnviron();
        }

#  else
// Some POSIX platforms expect you to declare environ. extern "C" makes
// it reside in the global namespace.
extern "C" char** environ;
inline char** GetEnviron() { return environ; }
#  endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC

#  if !GTEST_OS_QNX

// The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
// This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
// any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
        static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void *child_arg) {
            ExecDeathTestArgs *const args = static_cast<ExecDeathTestArgs *>(child_arg);
            GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(args->close_fd));

            // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
            // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
            // working directory first.
            const char *const original_dir =
                    UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
            // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
            if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
                DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
                        GetLastErrnoDescription());
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
            }

            // We can safely call execve() as it's a direct system call.  We
            // cannot use execvp() as it's a libc function and thus potentially
            // unsafe.  Since execve() doesn't search the PATH, the user must
            // invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
            // one path separator.
            execve(args->argv[0], args->argv, GetEnviron());
            DeathTestAbort(std::string("execve(") + args->argv[0] + ", ...) in " +
                    original_dir + " failed: " +
                    GetLastErrnoDescription());
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

#  endif  // !GTEST_OS_QNX

// Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
// grows.
// This could be accomplished more elegantly by a single recursive
// function, but we want to guard against the unlikely possibility of
// a smart compiler optimizing the recursion away.
//
// GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
// StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
// correct answer.
        void StackLowerThanAddress(const void *ptr, bool *result) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;

        void StackLowerThanAddress(const void *ptr, bool *result) {
            int dummy;
            *result = (&dummy < ptr);
        }

        bool StackGrowsDown() {
            int dummy;
            bool result;
            StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy, &result);
            return result;
        }

// Spawns a child process with the same executable as the current process in
// a thread-safe manner and instructs it to run the death test.  The
// implementation uses fork(2) + exec.  On systems where clone(2) is
// available, it is used instead, being slightly more thread-safe.  On QNX,
// fork supports only single-threaded environments, so this function uses
// spawn(2) there instead.  The function dies with an error message if
// anything goes wrong.
        static pid_t ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(char *const *argv, int close_fd) {
            ExecDeathTestArgs args = {argv, close_fd};
            pid_t child_pid = -1;

#  if GTEST_OS_QNX
  // Obtains the current directory and sets it to be closed in the child
  // process.
  const int cwd_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(cwd_fd != -1);
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(cwd_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC));
  // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
  // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
  // working directory first.
  const char* const original_dir =
      UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
  // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
  if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
    DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
                   GetLastErrnoDescription());
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  int fd_flags;
  // Set close_fd to be closed after spawn.
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fd_flags = fcntl(close_fd, F_GETFD));
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(close_fd, F_SETFD,
                                        fd_flags | FD_CLOEXEC));
  struct inheritance inherit = {0};
  // spawn is a system call.
  child_pid = spawn(args.argv[0], 0, NULL, &inherit, args.argv, GetEnviron());
  // Restores the current working directory.
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fchdir(cwd_fd) != -1);
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(cwd_fd));

#  else   // GTEST_OS_QNX
#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX
  // When a SIGPROF signal is received while fork() or clone() are executing,
  // the process may hang. To avoid this, we ignore SIGPROF here and re-enable
  // it after the call to fork()/clone() is complete.
  struct sigaction saved_sigprof_action;
  struct sigaction ignore_sigprof_action;
  memset(&ignore_sigprof_action, 0, sizeof(ignore_sigprof_action));
  sigemptyset(&ignore_sigprof_action.sa_mask);
  ignore_sigprof_action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(sigaction(
      SIGPROF, &ignore_sigprof_action, &saved_sigprof_action));
#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX

#   if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
  const bool use_fork = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);

  if (!use_fork) {
    static const bool stack_grows_down = StackGrowsDown();
    const size_t stack_size = getpagesize();
    // MMAP_ANONYMOUS is not defined on Mac, so we use MAP_ANON instead.
    void* const stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                             MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack != MAP_FAILED);

    // Maximum stack alignment in bytes:  For a downward-growing stack, this
    // amount is subtracted from size of the stack space to get an address
    // that is within the stack space and is aligned on all systems we care
    // about.  As far as I know there is no ABI with stack alignment greater
    // than 64.  We assume stack and stack_size already have alignment of
    // kMaxStackAlignment.
    const size_t kMaxStackAlignment = 64;
    void* const stack_top =
        static_cast<char*>(stack) +
            (stack_grows_down ? stack_size - kMaxStackAlignment : 0);
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack_size > kMaxStackAlignment &&
        reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(stack_top) % kMaxStackAlignment == 0);

    child_pid = clone(&ExecDeathTestChildMain, stack_top, SIGCHLD, &args);

    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(munmap(stack, stack_size) != -1);
  }
#   else
            const bool use_fork = true;
#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE

            if (use_fork && (child_pid = fork()) == 0) {
                ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args);
                _exit(0);
            }
#  endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX
  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(
      sigaction(SIGPROF, &saved_sigprof_action, NULL));
#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX

            GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
            return child_pid;
        }

// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-exec death test.  It re-executes the
// main program from the beginning, setting the --gtest_filter
// and --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags to cause only the current
// death test to be re-run.
        DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
            const UnitTestImpl *const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
            const InternalRunDeathTestFlag *const flag =
                    impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
            const TestInfo *const info = impl->current_test_info();
            const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();

            if (flag != NULL) {
                set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
                return EXECUTE_TEST;
            }

            int pipe_fd[2];
            GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
            // Clear the close-on-exec flag on the write end of the pipe, lest
            // it be closed when the child process does an exec:
            GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fcntl(pipe_fd[1], F_SETFD, 0) != -1);

            const std::string filter_flag =
                    std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "="
                            + info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
            const std::string internal_flag =
                    std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "="
                            + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|"
                            + StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|"
                            + StreamableToString(pipe_fd[1]);
            Arguments args;
            args.AddArguments(GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess());
            args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
            args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());

            DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");

            CaptureStderr();
            // See the comment in NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole for why the next line
            // is necessary.
            FlushInfoLog();

            const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
            GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
            set_child_pid(child_pid);
            set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
            set_spawned(true);
            return OVERSEE_TEST;
        }

# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Creates a concrete DeathTest-derived class that depends on the
// --gtest_death_test_style flag, and sets the pointer pointed to
// by the "test" argument to its address.  If the test should be
// skipped, sets that pointer to NULL.  Returns true, unless the
// flag is set to an invalid value.
        bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char *statement, const RE *regex,
                const char *file, int line,
                DeathTest **test) {
            UnitTestImpl *const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
            const InternalRunDeathTestFlag *const flag =
                    impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
            const int death_test_index = impl->current_test_info()
                    ->increment_death_test_count();

            if (flag != NULL) {
                if (death_test_index > flag->index()) {
                    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
                            "Death test count (" + StreamableToString(death_test_index)
                                    + ") somehow exceeded expected maximum ("
                                    + StreamableToString(flag->index()) + ")");
                    return false;
                }

                if (!(flag->file() == file && flag->line() == line &&
                        flag->index() == death_test_index)) {
                    *test = NULL;
                    return true;
                }
            }

# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe" ||
      GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
    *test = new WindowsDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
  }

# else

            if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe") {
                *test = new ExecDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
            } else if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
                *test = new NoExecDeathTest(statement, regex);
            }

# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

            else {  // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
                DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
                        "Unknown death test style \"" + GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)
                                + "\" encountered");
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }

// Splits a given string on a given delimiter, populating a given
// vector with the fields.  GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have
// ::std::string, so we can use it here.
        static void SplitString(const ::std::string &str, char delimiter,
                ::std::vector<::std::string> *dest) {
            ::std::vector<::std::string> parsed;
            ::std::string::size_type pos = 0;
            while (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {
                const ::std::string::size_type colon = str.find(delimiter, pos);
                if (colon == ::std::string::npos) {
                    parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos));
                    break;
                } else {
                    parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos, colon - pos));
                    pos = colon + 1;
                }
            }
            dest->swap(parsed);
        }

# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
// signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
// handle. This function is called in the child process only.
int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
                            size_t write_handle_as_size_t,
                            size_t event_handle_as_size_t) {
  AutoHandle parent_process_handle(::OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE,
                                                   FALSE,  // Non-inheritable.
                                                   parent_process_id));
  if (parent_process_handle.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    DeathTestAbort("Unable to open parent process " +
                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
  }

  // TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
  // compile-time assertion when available.
  GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(HANDLE) <= sizeof(size_t));

  const HANDLE write_handle =
      reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(write_handle_as_size_t);
  HANDLE dup_write_handle;

  // The newly initialized handle is accessible only in in the parent
  // process. To obtain one accessible within the child, we need to use
  // DuplicateHandle.
  if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), write_handle,
                         ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_write_handle,
                         0x0,    // Requested privileges ignored since
                                 // DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
                         FALSE,  // Request non-inheritable handler.
                         DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the pipe handle " +
                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
                   " from the parent process " +
                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
  }

  const HANDLE event_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(event_handle_as_size_t);
  HANDLE dup_event_handle;

  if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), event_handle,
                         ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_event_handle,
                         0x0,
                         FALSE,
                         DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the event handle " +
                   StreamableToString(event_handle_as_size_t) +
                   " from the parent process " +
                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
  }

  const int write_fd =
      ::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dup_write_handle), O_APPEND);
  if (write_fd == -1) {
    DeathTestAbort("Unable to convert pipe handle " +
                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
                   " to a file descriptor");
  }

  // Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
  // so the parent can release its own write end.
  ::SetEvent(dup_event_handle);

  return write_fd;
}
# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
// initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
// the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
        InternalRunDeathTestFlag *ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
            if (GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) == "") return NULL;

            // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we
            // can use it here.
            int line = -1;
            int index = -1;
            ::std::vector<::std::string> fields;
            SplitString(GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str(), '|', &fields);
            int write_fd = -1;

# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

  unsigned int parent_process_id = 0;
  size_t write_handle_as_size_t = 0;
  size_t event_handle_as_size_t = 0;

  if (fields.size() != 6
      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &parent_process_id)
      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[4], &write_handle_as_size_t)
      || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[5], &event_handle_as_size_t)) {
    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: " +
                   GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
  }
  write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id,
                                     write_handle_as_size_t,
                                     event_handle_as_size_t);
# else

            if (fields.size() != 4
                    || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
                    || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
                    || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &write_fd)) {
                DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: "
                        + GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
            }

# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

            return new InternalRunDeathTestFlag(fields[0], line, index, write_fd);
        }

    }  // namespace internal

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

}  // namespace testing
// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Authors: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)


#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
# include <windows.h>
#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
# include <direct.h>
# include <io.h>
#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
// Symbian OpenC has PATH_MAX in sys/syslimits.h
# include <sys/syslimits.h>
#else
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _MAX_PATH
#elif defined(PATH_MAX)
# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ PATH_MAX
#elif defined(_XOPEN_PATH_MAX)
# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _XOPEN_PATH_MAX
#else
# define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _POSIX_PATH_MAX
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS


namespace testing {
    namespace internal {

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// On Windows, '\\' is the standard path separator, but many tools and the
// Windows API also accept '/' as an alternate path separator. Unless otherwise
// noted, a file path can contain either kind of path separators, or a mixture
// of them.
const char kPathSeparator = '\\';
const char kAlternatePathSeparator = '/';
const char kPathSeparatorString[] = "\\";
const char kAlternatePathSeparatorString[] = "/";
# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
// Windows CE doesn't have a current directory. You should not use
// the current directory in tests on Windows CE, but this at least
// provides a reasonable fallback.
const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "\\";
// Windows CE doesn't define INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES
const DWORD kInvalidFileAttributes = 0xffffffff;
# else
const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = ".\\";
# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
#else
        const char kPathSeparator = '/';
        const char kPathSeparatorString[] = "/";
        const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "./";
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Returns whether the given character is a valid path separator.
        static bool IsPathSeparator(char c) {
#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
  return (c == kPathSeparator) || (c == kAlternatePathSeparator);
#else
            return c == kPathSeparator;
#endif
        }

// Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
        FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
  // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory, so we just return
  // something reasonable.
  return FilePath(kCurrentDirectoryString);
#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
  char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = { '\0' };
  return FilePath(_getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL ? "" : cwd);
#else
            char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = {'\0'};
            return FilePath(getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL ? "" : cwd);
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
        }

// Returns a copy of the FilePath with the case-insensitive extension removed.
// Example: FilePath("dir/file.exe").RemoveExtension("EXE") returns
// FilePath("dir/file"). If a case-insensitive extension is not
// found, returns a copy of the original FilePath.
        FilePath FilePath::RemoveExtension(const char *extension) const {
            const std::string dot_extension = std::string(".") + extension;
            if (String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(pathname_, dot_extension)) {
                return FilePath(pathname_.substr(
                        0, pathname_.length() - dot_extension.length()));
            }
            return *this;
        }

// Returns a pointer to the last occurence of a valid path separator in
// the FilePath. On Windows, for example, both '/' and '\' are valid path
// separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
        const char *FilePath::FindLastPathSeparator() const {
            const char *const last_sep = strrchr(c_str(), kPathSeparator);
#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
  const char* const last_alt_sep = strrchr(c_str(), kAlternatePathSeparator);
  // Comparing two pointers of which only one is NULL is undefined.
  if (last_alt_sep != NULL &&
      (last_sep == NULL || last_alt_sep > last_sep)) {
    return last_alt_sep;
  }
#endif
            return last_sep;
        }

// Returns a copy of the FilePath with the directory part removed.
// Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveDirectoryName() returns
// FilePath("file"). If there is no directory part ("just_a_file"), it returns
// the FilePath unmodified. If there is no file part ("just_a_dir/") it
// returns an empty FilePath ("").
// On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
        FilePath FilePath::RemoveDirectoryName() const {
            const char *const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
            return last_sep ? FilePath(last_sep + 1) : *this;
        }

// RemoveFileName returns the directory path with the filename removed.
// Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveFileName() returns "path/to/".
// If the FilePath is "a_file" or "/a_file", RemoveFileName returns
// FilePath("./") or, on Windows, FilePath(".\\"). If the filepath does
// not have a file, like "just/a/dir/", it returns the FilePath unmodified.
// On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
        FilePath FilePath::RemoveFileName() const {
            const char *const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
            std::string dir;
            if (last_sep) {
                dir = std::string(c_str(), last_sep + 1 - c_str());
            } else {
                dir = kCurrentDirectoryString;
            }
            return FilePath(dir);
        }

// Helper functions for naming files in a directory for xml output.

// Given directory = "dir", base_name = "test", number = 0,
// extension = "xml", returns "dir/test.xml". If number is greater
// than zero (e.g., 12), returns "dir/test_12.xml".
// On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
        FilePath FilePath::MakeFileName(const FilePath &directory,
                const FilePath &base_name,
                int number,
                const char *extension) {
            std::string file;
            if (number == 0) {
                file = base_name.string() + "." + extension;
            } else {
                file = base_name.string() + "_" + StreamableToString(number)
                        + "." + extension;
            }
            return ConcatPaths(directory, FilePath(file));
        }

// Given directory = "dir", relative_path = "test.xml", returns "dir/test.xml".
// On Windows, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
        FilePath FilePath::ConcatPaths(const FilePath &directory,
                const FilePath &relative_path) {
            if (directory.IsEmpty())
                return relative_path;
            const FilePath dir(directory.RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
            return FilePath(dir.string() + kPathSeparator + relative_path.string());
        }

// Returns true if pathname describes something findable in the file-system,
// either a file, directory, or whatever.
        bool FilePath::FileOrDirectoryExists() const {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
  LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(pathname_.c_str());
  const DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(unicode);
  delete [] unicode;
  return attributes != kInvalidFileAttributes;
#else
            posix::StatStruct file_stat;
            return posix::Stat(pathname_.c_str(), &file_stat) == 0;
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
        }

// Returns true if pathname describes a directory in the file-system
// that exists.
        bool FilePath::DirectoryExists() const {
            bool result = false;
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
  // Don't strip off trailing separator if path is a root directory on
  // Windows (like "C:\\").
  const FilePath& path(IsRootDirectory() ? *this :
                                           RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
#else
            const FilePath &path(*this);
#endif

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
  LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(path.c_str());
  const DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(unicode);
  delete [] unicode;
  if ((attributes != kInvalidFileAttributes) &&
      (attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
    result = true;
  }
#else
            posix::StatStruct file_stat;
            result = posix::Stat(path.c_str(), &file_stat) == 0 &&
                    posix::IsDir(file_stat);
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

            return result;
        }

// Returns true if pathname describes a root directory. (Windows has one
// root directory per disk drive.)
        bool FilePath::IsRootDirectory() const {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
  // TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows a network share like
  // \\server\share can be a root directory, although it cannot be the
  // current directory.  Handle this properly.
  return pathname_.length() == 3 && IsAbsolutePath();
#else
            return pathname_.length() == 1 && IsPathSeparator(pathname_.c_str()[0]);
#endif
        }

// Returns true if pathname describes an absolute path.
        bool FilePath::IsAbsolutePath() const {
            const char *const name = pathname_.c_str();
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
  return pathname_.length() >= 3 &&
     ((name[0] >= 'a' && name[0] <= 'z') ||
      (name[0] >= 'A' && name[0] <= 'Z')) &&
     name[1] == ':' &&
     IsPathSeparator(name[2]);
#else
            return IsPathSeparator(name[0]);
#endif
        }

// Returns a pathname for a file that does not currently exist. The pathname
// will be directory/base_name.extension or
// directory/base_name_<number>.extension if directory/base_name.extension
// already exists. The number will be incremented until a pathname is found
// that does not already exist.
// Examples: 'dir/foo_test.xml' or 'dir/foo_test_1.xml'.
// There could be a race condition if two or more processes are calling this
// function at the same time -- they could both pick the same filename.
        FilePath FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(const FilePath &directory,
                const FilePath &base_name,
                const char *extension) {
            FilePath full_pathname;
            int number = 0;
            do {
                full_pathname.Set(MakeFileName(directory, base_name, number++, extension));
            } while (full_pathname.FileOrDirectoryExists());
            return full_pathname;
        }

// Returns true if FilePath ends with a path separator, which indicates that
// it is intended to represent a directory. Returns false otherwise.
// This does NOT check that a directory (or file) actually exists.
        bool FilePath::IsDirectory() const {
            return !pathname_.empty() &&
                    IsPathSeparator(pathname_.c_str()[pathname_.length() - 1]);
        }

// Create directories so that path exists. Returns true if successful or if
// the directories already exist; returns false if unable to create directories
// for any reason.
        bool FilePath::CreateDirectoriesRecursively() const {
            if (!this->IsDirectory()) {
                return false;
            }

            if (pathname_.length() == 0 || this->DirectoryExists()) {
                return true;
            }

            const FilePath parent(this->RemoveTrailingPathSeparator().RemoveFileName());
            return parent.CreateDirectoriesRecursively() && this->CreateFolder();
        }

// Create the directory so that path exists. Returns true if successful or
// if the directory already exists; returns false if unable to create the
// directory for any reason, including if the parent directory does not
// exist. Not named "CreateDirectory" because that's a macro on Windows.
        bool FilePath::CreateFolder() const {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
  FilePath removed_sep(this->RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
  LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(removed_sep.c_str());
  int result = CreateDirectory(unicode, NULL) ? 0 : -1;
  delete [] unicode;
#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
  int result = _mkdir(pathname_.c_str());
#else
            int result = mkdir(pathname_.c_str(), 0777);
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

            if (result == -1) {
                return this->DirectoryExists();  // An error is OK if the directory exists.
            }
            return true;  // No error.
        }

// If input name has a trailing separator character, remove it and return the
// name, otherwise return the name string unmodified.
// On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator, other platforms use /.
        FilePath FilePath::RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() const {
            return IsDirectory()
                    ? FilePath(pathname_.substr(0, pathname_.length() - 1))
                    : *this;
        }

// Removes any redundant separators that might be in the pathname.
// For example, "bar///foo" becomes "bar/foo". Does not eliminate other
// redundancies that might be in a pathname involving "." or "..".
// TODO(wan@google.com): handle Windows network shares (e.g. \\server\share).
        void FilePath::Normalize() {
            if (pathname_.c_str() == NULL) {
                pathname_ = "";
                return;
            }
            const char *src = pathname_.c_str();
            char *const dest = new char[pathname_.length() + 1];
            char *dest_ptr = dest;
            memset(dest_ptr, 0, pathname_.length() + 1);

            while (*src != '\0') {
                *dest_ptr = *src;
                if (!IsPathSeparator(*src)) {
                    src++;
                } else {
#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
      if (*dest_ptr == kAlternatePathSeparator) {
        *dest_ptr = kPathSeparator;
      }
#endif
                    while (IsPathSeparator(*src))
                        src++;
                }
                dest_ptr++;
            }
            *dest_ptr = '\0';
            pathname_ = dest;
            delete[] dest;
        }

    }  // namespace internal
}  // namespace testing
// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)


#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
# include <windows.h>  // For TerminateProcess()
#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
# include <io.h>
# include <sys/stat.h>
#else
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

#if GTEST_OS_MAC
#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC

#if GTEST_OS_QNX
# include <devctl.h>
# include <sys/procfs.h>
#endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX


// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
// his code.
#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

namespace testing {
    namespace internal {

#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
// MSVC and C++Builder do not provide a definition of STDERR_FILENO.
const int kStdOutFileno = 1;
const int kStdErrFileno = 2;
#else
        const int kStdOutFileno = STDOUT_FILENO;
        const int kStdErrFileno = STDERR_FILENO;
#endif  // _MSC_VER

#if GTEST_OS_MAC

// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
// we cannot detect it.
        size_t GetThreadCount() {
            const task_t task = mach_task_self();
            mach_msg_type_number_t thread_count;
            thread_act_array_t thread_list;
            const kern_return_t status = task_threads(task, &thread_list, &thread_count);
            if (status == KERN_SUCCESS) {
                // task_threads allocates resources in thread_list and we need to free them
                // to avoid leaks.
                vm_deallocate(task,
                        reinterpret_cast<vm_address_t>(thread_list),
                        sizeof(thread_t) * thread_count);
                return static_cast<size_t>(thread_count);
            } else {
                return 0;
            }
        }

#elif GTEST_OS_QNX

// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
// we cannot detect it.
size_t GetThreadCount() {
  const int fd = open("/proc/self/as", O_RDONLY);
  if (fd < 0) {
    return 0;
  }
  procfs_info process_info;
  const int status =
      devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_INFO, &process_info, sizeof(process_info), NULL);
  close(fd);
  if (status == EOK) {
    return static_cast<size_t>(process_info.num_threads);
  } else {
    return 0;
  }
}

#else

        size_t GetThreadCount() {
            // There's no portable way to detect the number of threads, so we just
            // return 0 to indicate that we cannot detect it.
            return 0;
        }

#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC

#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE

// Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.

        RE::~RE() {
            if (is_valid_) {
                // regfree'ing an invalid regex might crash because the content
                // of the regex is undefined. Since the regex's are essentially
                // the same, one cannot be valid (or invalid) without the other
                // being so too.
                regfree(&partial_regex_);
                regfree(&full_regex_);
            }
            free(const_cast<char *>(pattern_));
        }

// Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
        bool RE::FullMatch(const char *str, const RE &re) {
            if (!re.is_valid_) return false;

            regmatch_t match;
            return regexec(&re.full_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
        }

// Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
// (including str itself).
        bool RE::PartialMatch(const char *str, const RE &re) {
            if (!re.is_valid_) return false;

            regmatch_t match;
            return regexec(&re.partial_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
        }

// Initializes an RE from its string representation.
        void RE::Init(const char *regex) {
            pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);

            // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
            // full match.
            const size_t full_regex_len = strlen(regex) + 10;
            char *const full_pattern = new char[full_regex_len];

            snprintf(full_pattern, full_regex_len, "^(%s)$", regex);
            is_valid_ = regcomp(&full_regex_, full_pattern, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
            // We want to call regcomp(&partial_regex_, ...) even if the
            // previous expression returns false.  Otherwise partial_regex_ may
            // not be properly initialized can may cause trouble when it's
            // freed.
            //
            // Some implementation of POSIX regex (e.g. on at least some
            // versions of Cygwin) doesn't accept the empty string as a valid
            // regex.  We change it to an equivalent form "()" to be safe.
            if (is_valid_) {
                const char *const partial_regex = (*regex == '\0') ? "()" : regex;
                is_valid_ = regcomp(&partial_regex_, partial_regex, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
            }
            EXPECT_TRUE(is_valid_)
                                << "Regular expression \"" << regex
                                        << "\" is not a valid POSIX Extended regular expression.";

            delete[] full_pattern;
        }

#elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE

// Returns true iff ch appears anywhere in str (excluding the
// terminating '\0' character).
bool IsInSet(char ch, const char* str) {
  return ch != '\0' && strchr(str, ch) != NULL;
}

// Returns true iff ch belongs to the given classification.  Unlike
// similar functions in <ctype.h>, these aren't affected by the
// current locale.
bool IsAsciiDigit(char ch) { return '0' <= ch && ch <= '9'; }
bool IsAsciiPunct(char ch) {
  return IsInSet(ch, "^-!\"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@[\\]_`{|}~");
}
bool IsRepeat(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, "?*+"); }
bool IsAsciiWhiteSpace(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, " \f\n\r\t\v"); }
bool IsAsciiWordChar(char ch) {
  return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') || ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
      ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') || ch == '_';
}

// Returns true iff "\\c" is a supported escape sequence.
bool IsValidEscape(char c) {
  return (IsAsciiPunct(c) || IsInSet(c, "dDfnrsStvwW"));
}

// Returns true iff the given atom (specified by escaped and pattern)
// matches ch.  The result is undefined if the atom is invalid.
bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern_char, char ch) {
  if (escaped) {  // "\\p" where p is pattern_char.
    switch (pattern_char) {
      case 'd': return IsAsciiDigit(ch);
      case 'D': return !IsAsciiDigit(ch);
      case 'f': return ch == '\f';
      case 'n': return ch == '\n';
      case 'r': return ch == '\r';
      case 's': return IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
      case 'S': return !IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
      case 't': return ch == '\t';
      case 'v': return ch == '\v';
      case 'w': return IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
      case 'W': return !IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
    }
    return IsAsciiPunct(pattern_char) && pattern_char == ch;
  }

  return (pattern_char == '.' && ch != '\n') || pattern_char == ch;
}

// Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
  return (Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
          << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": ").GetString();
}

// Generates non-fatal failures and returns false if regex is invalid;
// otherwise returns true.
bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex) {
  if (regex == NULL) {
    // TODO(wan@google.com): fix the source file location in the
    // assertion failures to match where the regex is used in user
    // code.
    ADD_FAILURE() << "NULL is not a valid simple regular expression.";
    return false;
  }

  bool is_valid = true;

  // True iff ?, *, or + can follow the previous atom.
  bool prev_repeatable = false;
  for (int i = 0; regex[i]; i++) {
    if (regex[i] == '\\') {  // An escape sequence
      i++;
      if (regex[i] == '\0') {
        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
                      << "'\\' cannot appear at the end.";
        return false;
      }

      if (!IsValidEscape(regex[i])) {
        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
                      << "invalid escape sequence \"\\" << regex[i] << "\".";
        is_valid = false;
      }
      prev_repeatable = true;
    } else {  // Not an escape sequence.
      const char ch = regex[i];

      if (ch == '^' && i > 0) {
        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
                      << "'^' can only appear at the beginning.";
        is_valid = false;
      } else if (ch == '$' && regex[i + 1] != '\0') {
        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
                      << "'$' can only appear at the end.";
        is_valid = false;
      } else if (IsInSet(ch, "()[]{}|")) {
        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
                      << "'" << ch << "' is unsupported.";
        is_valid = false;
      } else if (IsRepeat(ch) && !prev_repeatable) {
        ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
                      << "'" << ch << "' can only follow a repeatable token.";
        is_valid = false;
      }

      prev_repeatable = !IsInSet(ch, "^$?*+");
    }
  }

  return is_valid;
}

// Matches a repeated regex atom followed by a valid simple regular
// expression.  The regex atom is defined as c if escaped is false,
// or \c otherwise.  repeat is the repetition meta character (?, *,
// or +).  The behavior is undefined if str contains too many
// characters to be indexable by size_t, in which case the test will
// probably time out anyway.  We are fine with this limitation as
// std::string has it too.
bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
    bool escaped, char c, char repeat, const char* regex,
    const char* str) {
  const size_t min_count = (repeat == '+') ? 1 : 0;
  const size_t max_count = (repeat == '?') ? 1 :
      static_cast<size_t>(-1) - 1;
  // We cannot call numeric_limits::max() as it conflicts with the
  // max() macro on Windows.

  for (size_t i = 0; i <= max_count; ++i) {
    // We know that the atom matches each of the first i characters in str.
    if (i >= min_count && MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str + i)) {
      // We have enough matches at the head, and the tail matches too.
      // Since we only care about *whether* the pattern matches str
      // (as opposed to *how* it matches), there is no need to find a
      // greedy match.
      return true;
    }
    if (str[i] == '\0' || !AtomMatchesChar(escaped, c, str[i]))
      return false;
  }
  return false;
}

// Returns true iff regex matches a prefix of str.  regex must be a
// valid simple regular expression and not start with "^", or the
// result is undefined.
bool MatchRegexAtHead(const char* regex, const char* str) {
  if (*regex == '\0')  // An empty regex matches a prefix of anything.
    return true;

  // "$" only matches the end of a string.  Note that regex being
  // valid guarantees that there's nothing after "$" in it.
  if (*regex == '$')
    return *str == '\0';

  // Is the first thing in regex an escape sequence?
  const bool escaped = *regex == '\\';
  if (escaped)
    ++regex;
  if (IsRepeat(regex[1])) {
    // MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead() calls MatchRegexAtHead(), so
    // here's an indirect recursion.  It terminates as the regex gets
    // shorter in each recursion.
    return MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
        escaped, regex[0], regex[1], regex + 2, str);
  } else {
    // regex isn't empty, isn't "$", and doesn't start with a
    // repetition.  We match the first atom of regex with the first
    // character of str and recurse.
    return (*str != '\0') && AtomMatchesChar(escaped, *regex, *str) &&
        MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str + 1);
  }
}

// Returns true iff regex matches any substring of str.  regex must be
// a valid simple regular expression, or the result is undefined.
//
// The algorithm is recursive, but the recursion depth doesn't exceed
// the regex length, so we won't need to worry about running out of
// stack space normally.  In rare cases the time complexity can be
// exponential with respect to the regex length + the string length,
// but usually it's must faster (often close to linear).
bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const char* regex, const char* str) {
  if (regex == NULL || str == NULL)
    return false;

  if (*regex == '^')
    return MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str);

  // A successful match can be anywhere in str.
  do {
    if (MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str))
      return true;
  } while (*str++ != '\0');
  return false;
}

// Implements the RE class.

RE::~RE() {
  free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
  free(const_cast<char*>(full_pattern_));
}

// Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
  return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.full_pattern_, str);
}

// Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
// (including str itself).
bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
  return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.pattern_, str);
}

// Initializes an RE from its string representation.
void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
  pattern_ = full_pattern_ = NULL;
  if (regex != NULL) {
    pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
  }

  is_valid_ = ValidateRegex(regex);
  if (!is_valid_) {
    // No need to calculate the full pattern when the regex is invalid.
    return;
  }

  const size_t len = strlen(regex);
  // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
  // full match: we need space to prepend a '^', append a '$', and
  // terminate the string with '\0'.
  char* buffer = static_cast<char*>(malloc(len + 3));
  full_pattern_ = buffer;

  if (*regex != '^')
    *buffer++ = '^';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ starts with '^'.

  // We don't use snprintf or strncpy, as they trigger a warning when
  // compiled with VC++ 8.0.
  memcpy(buffer, regex, len);
  buffer += len;

  if (len == 0 || regex[len - 1] != '$')
    *buffer++ = '$';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ ends with '$'.

  *buffer = '\0';
}

#endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE

        const char kUnknownFile[] = "unknown file";

// Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
// in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
        GTEST_API_::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char *file, int line) {
            const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);

            if (line < 0) {
                return file_name + ":";
            }
#ifdef _MSC_VER
  return file_name + "(" + StreamableToString(line) + "):";
#else
            return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line) + ":";
#endif  // _MSC_VER
        }

// Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
// Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
// FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
// Note that FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation() does NOT append colon
// to the file location it produces, unlike FormatFileLocation().
        GTEST_API_::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
                const char *file, int line) {
            const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);

            if (line < 0)
                return file_name;
            else
                return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line);
        }


        GTestLog::GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char *file, int line)
                : severity_(severity) {
            const char *const marker =
                    severity == GTEST_INFO ? "[  INFO ]" :
                            severity == GTEST_WARNING ? "[WARNING]" :
                                    severity == GTEST_ERROR ? "[ ERROR ]" : "[ FATAL ]";
            GetStream() << ::std::endl << marker << " "
                    << FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str() << ": ";
        }

// Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
        GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
            GetStream() << ::std::endl;
            if (severity_ == GTEST_FATAL) {
                fflush(stderr);
                posix::Abort();
            }
        }
// Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
// this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push)
# pragma warning(disable: 4996)
#endif  // _MSC_VER

#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION

// Object that captures an output stream (stdout/stderr).
        class CapturedStream {
        public:
            // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
            explicit CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
    char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT

    ::GetTempPathA(sizeof(temp_dir_path), temp_dir_path);
    const UINT success = ::GetTempFileNameA(temp_dir_path,
                                            "gtest_redir",
                                            0,  // Generate unique file name.
                                            temp_file_path);
    GTEST_CHECK_(success != 0)
        << "Unable to create a temporary file in " << temp_dir_path;
    const int captured_fd = creat(temp_file_path, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE);
    GTEST_CHECK_(captured_fd != -1) << "Unable to open temporary file "
                                    << temp_file_path;
    filename_ = temp_file_path;
# else
                // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the current
                // directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp directory
                // instead. We use /tmp on most systems, and /sdcard on Android.
                // That's because Android doesn't have /tmp.
#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
    // Note: Android applications are expected to call the framework's
    // Context.getExternalStorageDirectory() method through JNI to get
    // the location of the world-writable SD Card directory. However,
    // this requires a Context handle, which cannot be retrieved
    // globally from native code. Doing so also precludes running the
    // code as part of a regular standalone executable, which doesn't
    // run in a Dalvik process (e.g. when running it through 'adb shell').
    //
    // The location /sdcard is directly accessible from native code
    // and is the only location (unofficially) supported by the Android
    // team. It's generally a symlink to the real SD Card mount point
    // which can be /mnt/sdcard, /mnt/sdcard0, /system/media/sdcard, or
    // other OEM-customized locations. Never rely on these, and always
    // use /sdcard.
    char name_template[] = "/sdcard/gtest_captured_stream.XXXXXX";
#  else
                char name_template[] = "/tmp/captured_stream.XXXXXX";
#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
                const int captured_fd = mkstemp(name_template);
                filename_ = name_template;
# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
                fflush(NULL);
                dup2(captured_fd, fd_);
                close(captured_fd);
            }

            ~CapturedStream() {
                remove(filename_.c_str());
            }

            std::string GetCapturedString() {
                if (uncaptured_fd_ != -1) {
                    // Restores the original stream.
                    fflush(NULL);
                    dup2(uncaptured_fd_, fd_);
                    close(uncaptured_fd_);
                    uncaptured_fd_ = -1;
                }

                FILE *const file = posix::FOpen(filename_.c_str(), "r");
                const std::string content = ReadEntireFile(file);
                posix::FClose(file);
                return content;
            }

        private:
            // Reads the entire content of a file as an std::string.
            static std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE *file);

            // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
            static size_t GetFileSize(FILE *file);

            const int fd_;  // A stream to capture.
            int uncaptured_fd_;
            // Name of the temporary file holding the stderr output.
            ::std::string filename_;

            GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(CapturedStream);
        };

// Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
        size_t CapturedStream::GetFileSize(FILE *file) {
            fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
            return static_cast<size_t>(ftell(file));
        }

// Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
        std::string CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile(FILE *file) {
            const size_t file_size = GetFileSize(file);
            char *const buffer = new char[file_size];

            size_t bytes_last_read = 0;  // # of bytes read in the last fread()
            size_t bytes_read = 0;       // # of bytes read so far

            fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);

            // Keeps reading the file until we cannot read further or the
            // pre-determined file size is reached.
            do {
                bytes_last_read = fread(buffer + bytes_read, 1, file_size - bytes_read, file);
                bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
            } while (bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size);

            const std::string content(buffer, bytes_read);
            delete[] buffer;

            return content;
        }

# ifdef _MSC_VER
#  pragma warning(pop)
# endif  // _MSC_VER

        static CapturedStream *g_captured_stderr = NULL;
        static CapturedStream *g_captured_stdout = NULL;

// Starts capturing an output stream (stdout/stderr).
        void CaptureStream(int fd, const char *stream_name, CapturedStream **stream) {
            if (*stream != NULL) {
                GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Only one " << stream_name
                        << " capturer can exist at a time.";
            }
            *stream = new CapturedStream(fd);
        }

// Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
        std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream **captured_stream) {
            const std::string content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();

            delete *captured_stream;
            *captured_stream = NULL;

            return content;
        }

// Starts capturing stdout.
        void CaptureStdout() {
            CaptureStream(kStdOutFileno, "stdout", &g_captured_stdout);
        }

// Starts capturing stderr.
        void CaptureStderr() {
            CaptureStream(kStdErrFileno, "stderr", &g_captured_stderr);
        }

// Stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
        std::string GetCapturedStdout() {
            return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout);
        }

// Stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
        std::string GetCapturedStderr() {
            return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr);
        }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
        ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;

        static const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> *g_injected_test_argvs =
                NULL;  // Owned.

        void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> *argvs) {
            if (g_injected_test_argvs != argvs)
                delete g_injected_test_argvs;
            g_injected_test_argvs = argvs;
        }

        const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> &GetInjectableArgvs() {
            if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
                return *g_injected_test_argvs;
            }
            return g_argvs;
        }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
namespace posix {
void Abort() {
  DebugBreak();
  TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), 1);
}
}  // namespace posix
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

// Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
// given flag.  For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
// "GTEST_FOO" in the open-source version.
        static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char *flag) {
            const std::string full_flag =
                    (Message() << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << flag).GetString();

            Message env_var;
            for (size_t i = 0; i != full_flag.length(); i++) {
                env_var << ToUpper(full_flag.c_str()[i]);
            }

            return env_var.GetString();
        }

// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes
// the result to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value
// unchanged and returns false.
        bool ParseInt32(const Message &src_text, const char *str, Int32 *value) {
            // Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
            char *end = NULL;
            const long long_value = strtol(str, &end, 10);  // NOLINT

            // Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
            if (*end != '\0') {
                // No - an invalid character was encountered.
                Message msg;
                msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
                        << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
                        << " has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
                printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
                fflush(stdout);
                return false;
            }

            // Is the parsed value in the range of an Int32?
            const Int32 result = static_cast<Int32>(long_value);
            if (long_value == LONG_MAX || long_value == LONG_MIN ||
                    // The parsed value overflows as a long.  (strtol() returns
                            // LONG_MAX or LONG_MIN when the input overflows.)
                            result != long_value
                // The parsed value overflows as an Int32.
                    ) {
                Message msg;
                msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
                        << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
                        << " has value " << str << ", which overflows.\n";
                printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
                fflush(stdout);
                return false;
            }

            *value = result;
            return true;
        }

// Reads and returns the Boolean environment variable corresponding to
// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
//
// The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
        bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char *flag, bool default_value) {
            const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
            const char *const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
            return string_value == NULL ?
                    default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
        }

// Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
// variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
// doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
        Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char *flag, Int32 default_value) {
            const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
            const char *const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
            if (string_value == NULL) {
                // The environment variable is not set.
                return default_value;
            }

            Int32 result = default_value;
            if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "Environment variable " << env_var,
                    string_value, &result)) {
                printf("The default value %s is used.\n",
                        (Message() << default_value).GetString().c_str());
                fflush(stdout);
                return default_value;
            }

            return result;
        }

// Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
        const char *StringFromGTestEnv(const char *flag, const char *default_value) {
            const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
            const char *const value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
            return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
        }

    }  // namespace internal
}  // namespace testing
// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)

// Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
//
// This file implements a universal value printer that can print a
// value of any type T:
//
//   void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr);
//
// It uses the << operator when possible, and prints the bytes in the
// object otherwise.  A user can override its behavior for a class
// type Foo by defining either operator<<(::std::ostream&, const Foo&)
// or void PrintTo(const Foo&, ::std::ostream*) in the namespace that
// defines Foo.

namespace testing {

    namespace {

        using ::std::ostream;

// Prints a segment of bytes in the given object.
        void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char *obj_bytes, size_t start,
                size_t count, ostream *os) {
            char text[5] = "";
            for (size_t i = 0; i != count; i++) {
                const size_t j = start + i;
                if (i != 0) {
                    // Organizes the bytes into groups of 2 for easy parsing by
                    // human.
                    if ((j % 2) == 0)
                        *os << ' ';
                    else
                        *os << '-';
                }
                GTEST_SNPRINTF_(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]);
                *os << text;
            }
        }

// Prints the bytes in the given value to the given ostream.
        void PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(const unsigned char *obj_bytes, size_t count,
                ostream *os) {
            // Tells the user how big the object is.
            *os << count << "-byte object <";

            const size_t kThreshold = 132;
            const size_t kChunkSize = 64;
            // If the object size is bigger than kThreshold, we'll have to omit
            // some details by printing only the first and the last kChunkSize
            // bytes.
            // TODO(wan): let the user control the threshold using a flag.
            if (count < kThreshold) {
                PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, count, os);
            } else {
                PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, kChunkSize, os);
                *os << " ... ";
                // Rounds up to 2-byte boundary.
                const size_t resume_pos = (count - kChunkSize + 1) / 2 * 2;
                PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, resume_pos, count - resume_pos, os);
            }
            *os << ">";
        }

    }  // namespace

    namespace internal2 {

// Delegates to PrintBytesInObjectToImpl() to print the bytes in the
// given object.  The delegation simplifies the implementation, which
// uses the << operator and thus is easier done outside of the
// ::testing::internal namespace, which contains a << operator that
// sometimes conflicts with the one in STL.
        void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char *obj_bytes, size_t count,
                ostream *os) {
            PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(obj_bytes, count, os);
        }

    }  // namespace internal2

    namespace internal {

// Depending on the value of a char (or wchar_t), we print it in one
// of three formats:
//   - as is if it's a printable ASCII (e.g. 'a', '2', ' '),
//   - as a hexidecimal escape sequence (e.g. '\x7F'), or
//   - as a special escape sequence (e.g. '\r', '\n').
        enum CharFormat {
            kAsIs,
            kHexEscape,
            kSpecialEscape
        };

// Returns true if c is a printable ASCII character.  We test the
// value of c directly instead of calling isprint(), which is buggy on
// Windows Mobile.
        inline bool IsPrintableAscii(wchar_t c) {
            return 0x20 <= c && c <= 0x7E;
        }

// Prints a wide or narrow char c as a character literal without the
// quotes, escaping it when necessary; returns how c was formatted.
// The template argument UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char,
// which is the type of c.
        template<typename UnsignedChar, typename Char>
        static CharFormat PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c, ostream *os) {
            switch (static_cast<wchar_t>(c)) {
                case L'\0':
                    *os << "\\0";
                    break;
                case L'\'':
                    *os << "\\'";
                    break;
                case L'\\':
                    *os << "\\\\";
                    break;
                case L'\a':
                    *os << "\\a";
                    break;
                case L'\b':
                    *os << "\\b";
                    break;
                case L'\f':
                    *os << "\\f";
                    break;
                case L'\n':
                    *os << "\\n";
                    break;
                case L'\r':
                    *os << "\\r";
                    break;
                case L'\t':
                    *os << "\\t";
                    break;
                case L'\v':
                    *os << "\\v";
                    break;
                default:
                    if (IsPrintableAscii(c)) {
                        *os << static_cast<char>(c);
                        return kAsIs;
                    } else {
                        *os << "\\x" + String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
                        return kHexEscape;
                    }
            }
            return kSpecialEscape;
        }

// Prints a wchar_t c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
// necessary; returns how c was formatted.
        static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream *os) {
            switch (c) {
                case L'\'':
                    *os << "'";
                    return kAsIs;
                case L'"':
                    *os << "\\\"";
                    return kSpecialEscape;
                default:
                    return PrintAsCharLiteralTo<wchar_t>(c, os);
            }
        }

// Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
// necessary; returns how c was formatted.
        static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream *os) {
            return PrintAsStringLiteralTo(
                    static_cast<wchar_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)), os);
        }

// Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code.  '\0' is printed
// as "'\\0'", other unprintable characters are also properly escaped
// using the standard C++ escape sequence.  The template argument
// UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, which is the type of c.
        template<typename UnsignedChar, typename Char>
        void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream *os) {
            // First, print c as a literal in the most readable form we can find.
            *os << ((sizeof(c) > 1) ? "L'" : "'");
            const CharFormat format = PrintAsCharLiteralTo<UnsignedChar>(c, os);
            *os << "'";

            // To aid user debugging, we also print c's code in decimal, unless
            // it's 0 (in which case c was printed as '\\0', making the code
            // obvious).
            if (c == 0)
                return;
            *os << " (" << static_cast<int>(c);

            // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal,
            // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in
            // [1, 9].
            if (format == kHexEscape || (1 <= c && c <= 9)) {
                // Do nothing.
            } else {
                *os << ", 0x" << String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
            }
            *os << ")";
        }

        void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream *os) {
            PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os);
        }

        void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream *os) {
            PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os);
        }

// Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal
// code otherwise and also as its code.  L'\0' is printed as "L'\\0'".
        void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ostream *os) {
            PrintCharAndCodeTo<wchar_t>(wc, os);
        }

// Prints the given array of characters to the ostream.  CharType must be either
// char or wchar_t.
// The array starts at begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
// and may not be NUL-terminated.
        template<typename CharType>
        static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(
                const CharType *begin, size_t len, ostream *os) {
            const char *const kQuoteBegin = sizeof(CharType) == 1 ? "\"" : "L\"";
            *os << kQuoteBegin;
            bool is_previous_hex = false;
            for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
                const CharType cur = begin[index];
                if (is_previous_hex && IsXDigit(cur)) {
                    // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
                    // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
                    // disambiguate.
                    *os << "\" " << kQuoteBegin;
                }
                is_previous_hex = PrintAsStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
            }
            *os << "\"";
        }

// Prints a (const) char/wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
// 'begin'.  CharType must be either char or wchar_t.
        template<typename CharType>
        static void UniversalPrintCharArray(
                const CharType *begin, size_t len, ostream *os) {
            // The code
            //   const char kFoo[] = "foo";
            // generates an array of 4, not 3, elements, with the last one being '\0'.
            //
            // Therefore when printing a char array, we don't print the last element if
            // it's '\0', such that the output matches the string literal as it's
            // written in the source code.
            if (len > 0 && begin[len - 1] == '\0') {
                PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len - 1, os);
                return;
            }

            // If, however, the last element in the array is not '\0', e.g.
            //    const char kFoo[] = { 'f', 'o', 'o' };
            // we must print the entire array.  We also print a message to indicate
            // that the array is not NUL-terminated.
            PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os);
            *os << " (no terminating NUL)";
        }

// Prints a (const) char array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin'.
        void UniversalPrintArray(const char *begin, size_t len, ostream *os) {
            UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
        }

// Prints a (const) wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
// 'begin'.
        void UniversalPrintArray(const wchar_t *begin, size_t len, ostream *os) {
            UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
        }

// Prints the given C string to the ostream.
        void PrintTo(const char *s, ostream *os) {
            if (s == NULL) {
                *os << "NULL";
            } else {
                *os << ImplicitCast_<const void *>(s) << " pointing to ";
                PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, strlen(s), os);
            }
        }

// MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef
// of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case
// would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings,
// possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid
// memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when
// wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)

// Prints the given wide C string to the ostream.
        void PrintTo(const wchar_t *s, ostream *os) {
            if (s == NULL) {
                *os << "NULL";
            } else {
                *os << ImplicitCast_<const void *>(s) << " pointing to ";
                PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, wcslen(s), os);
            }
        }

#endif  // wchar_t is native

// Prints a ::string object.
#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
void PrintStringTo(const ::string& s, ostream* os) {
  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING

        void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string &s, ostream *os) {
            PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
        }

// Prints a ::wstring object.
#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

        void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring &s, ostream *os) {
            PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
        }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

    }  // namespace internal

}  // namespace testing
// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
//
// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)


// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
// his code.
#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

namespace testing {

    using internal::GetUnitTestImpl;

// Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack trace
// in it.
    std::string TestPartResult::ExtractSummary(const char *message) {
        const char *const stack_trace = strstr(message, internal::kStackTraceMarker);
        return stack_trace == NULL ? message :
                std::string(message, stack_trace);
    }

// Prints a TestPartResult object.
    std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const TestPartResult &result) {
        return os
                << result.file_name() << ":" << result.line_number() << ": "
                << (result.type() == TestPartResult::kSuccess ? "Success" :
                result.type() == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ? "Fatal failure" :
                        "Non-fatal failure") << ":\n"
                << result.message() << std::endl;
    }

// Appends a TestPartResult to the array.
    void TestPartResultArray::Append(const TestPartResult &result) {
        array_.push_back(result);
    }

// Returns the TestPartResult at the given index (0-based).
    const TestPartResult &TestPartResultArray::GetTestPartResult(int index) const {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size()) {
            printf("\nInvalid index (%d) into TestPartResultArray.\n", index);
            internal::posix::Abort();
        }

        return array_[index];
    }

// Returns the number of TestPartResult objects in the array.
    int TestPartResultArray::size() const {
        return static_cast<int>(array_.size());
    }

    namespace internal {

        HasNewFatalFailureHelper::HasNewFatalFailureHelper()
                : has_new_fatal_failure_(false),
                  original_reporter_(GetUnitTestImpl()->
                          GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread()) {
            GetUnitTestImpl()->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(this);
        }

        HasNewFatalFailureHelper::~HasNewFatalFailureHelper() {
            GetUnitTestImpl()->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
                    original_reporter_);
        }

        void HasNewFatalFailureHelper::ReportTestPartResult(
                const TestPartResult &result) {
            if (result.fatally_failed())
                has_new_fatal_failure_ = true;
            original_reporter_->ReportTestPartResult(result);
        }

    }  // namespace internal

}  // namespace testing
// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
// All Rights Reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)


namespace testing {
    namespace internal {

#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P

// Skips to the first non-space char in str. Returns an empty string if str
// contains only whitespace characters.
        static const char *SkipSpaces(const char *str) {
            while (IsSpace(*str))
                str++;
            return str;
        }

// Verifies that registered_tests match the test names in
// defined_test_names_; returns registered_tests if successful, or
// aborts the program otherwise.
        const char *TypedTestCasePState::VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
                const char *file, int line, const char *registered_tests) {
            typedef ::std::set<const char *>::const_iterator DefinedTestIter;
            registered_ = true;

            // Skip initial whitespace in registered_tests since some
            // preprocessors prefix stringizied literals with whitespace.
            registered_tests = SkipSpaces(registered_tests);

            Message errors;
            ::std::set<std::string> tests;
            for (const char *names = registered_tests; names != NULL;
                 names = SkipComma(names)) {
                const std::string name = GetPrefixUntilComma(names);
                if (tests.count(name) != 0) {
                    errors << "Test " << name << " is listed more than once.\n";
                    continue;
                }

                bool found = false;
                for (DefinedTestIter it = defined_test_names_.begin();
                     it != defined_test_names_.end();
                     ++it) {
                    if (name == *it) {
                        found = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (found) {
                    tests.insert(name);
                } else {
                    errors << "No test named " << name
                            << " can be found in this test case.\n";
                }
            }

            for (DefinedTestIter it = defined_test_names_.begin();
                 it != defined_test_names_.end();
                 ++it) {
                if (tests.count(*it) == 0) {
                    errors << "You forgot to list test " << *it << ".\n";
                }
            }

            const std::string &errors_str = errors.GetString();
            if (errors_str != "") {
                fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
                        errors_str.c_str());
                fflush(stderr);
                posix::Abort();
            }

            return registered_tests;
        }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P

    }  // namespace internal
}  // namespace testing
